Europe

Benelux+

Road

IWW

Rail

Road

IWW

Rail

Point elasticities (Generalized Cost)

Road

−0.11 to −2.05

0.04 to 0.30

0.04 to 1.82

−2.31 to −0.17

0.01 to 0.46

0.02 to 1.23

ag

−0.38

0.10

0.23

−0.42

0.14

0.14

IWW

0.35 to 2.79

−1.27 to −2.79

0.03 to 1.48

0.55 to 4.31

−0.07 to −3.49

0.03 to 1.41

ag

1.64

−1.73

0.28

1.28

−0.95

0.16

Rail

0.45 to 3.17

0.03 to 0.23

−0.62 to −3.02

0.61 to 3.74

0.04 to 1.39

−0.62 to −4.74

ag

1.58

0.13

−1.48

1.37

0.33

−1.55

Arc elasticities (Generalized Cost −5%)

Road

−0.10 to −1.91

0.04 to 0.28

0.04 to 1.75

−0.14 to −2.14

0.01 to 0.46

0.02 to 1.23

ag

−0.36

0.10

0.24

−0.39

0.16

0.14

IWW

0.38 to 2.73

−1.26 to −2.77

0.06 to 1.64

0.57 to 4.18

−0.07 to −3.23

−0.04 to 1.43

ag

1.64

−1.71

0.32

1.26

−0.94

0.19

Rail

0.45 to 3.10

0.04 to 0.22

−0.60 to −2.87

0.65 to 5.08

0.02 to 0.56

−0.58 to −4.73

ag

1.56

0.11

−1.43

1.42

0.22

−1.50

Arc elasticities (Travel Duration −5%)

Road

−0.07 to −1.29

0.02 to 0.14

0.02 to 0.87

−0.10 to −1.43

0.01 to 0.17

0.01 to 0.58

ag

−0.25

0.04

0.11

−0.26

0.07

0.05

IWW

0.24 to 1.84

−0.59 to −1.15

0.02 to 0.79

0.36 to 2.74

−0.04 to −1.28

0.01 to 0.75

ag

1.01

−0.76

0.14

0.80

−0.39

0.08

Rail

0.30 to 2.31

0.02 to 0.14

−0.30 to −1.39

0.44 to 3.54

0.01 to 0.27

−0.24 to −2.32

ag

1.13

0.06

−0.65

0.98

0.11

−0.58