Clinical Doctor Education and Training System

Law Scholars Education and Training System

Undergraduate Medical students need 7 - 10 years to study and hold a License to Practice (Surat Izin Praktek or SIP). Starting from the preclinical period, koas, internship, and specialist schools if you want to deepen a certain field with the following stages:

1. Preclinical Period

a. The preclinical period is also known as the lecture period. Like other students, you have studied on campus for 3.5 years (Nanda, 2022) . Please note, there is no credit system in the Medicine department, instead it is divided into several blocks. For example, Neurology Block, Skin Block, Pediatrics Block, and many more (Nanda, 2022) .

b. Medical students also face written exams, OSCE, and SOCA. OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is a practical test to guess the diagnosis of a disease suffered by a simulated patient. Then, there is SOCA (Student Oral Case Analysis), which is a test of students’ understanding of certain disease cases. SOCA is carried out orally in the presence of 2 - 3 examiners.

c. In semester 7, Medical students write a thesis to obtain a Bachelor of Medicine (Sarjana Kedokteran or S.Ked) degree. After this, you will graduate and move on to a professional program or coordinator.

2. Co-Assistant—The second stage of prospective doctors is Co-Assistant. During lectures, the patients they face are pretenders, aka statues. During the Co-Assistant stage, prospective doctors interact with real patients under the supervision of senior doctors. Here, prospective doctors are referred to as young doctors’. The Co-Assistant program is held at a hospital that cooperates with the campus and is not paid. The duration of the Co-Assistants lasts 1.5 to 2 years. Consists of various kinds of stations that must be studied. There are surgical, pediatric, ear, nose, throat (ENT) stages, forensics, anesthesia, obstetrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, and others. To facilitate the learning process, students are put together in small groups. Apart from spending time in the hospital, the coas also received an assignment in the form of an analysis of the disease which had to be presented before senior doctors.

3. Medical Profession Program Student Competency Test (.Uji Kompetensi Mahasiswa Program Profesi Dokter or UKMPPD)—After the Co-Assistant, medical students will face. UKMPPD is held 4 times a year, namely in February, May, August and November. UKMPPD consists of Computer Based Test and OSCE. The UKMPPD Computer Based Test (CBT) is an online written test that contains 150 multiple-choice questions and takes 200 minutes to complete. The minimum score required to pass CBT is 66. Meanwhile, the OSCE is a practical exam conducted at the Faculty of Medicine of each tertiary institution. Each participant must pass 12 stations with different topics. The time required at each station is 15 minutes. Here, medical students will practice their medical skills according to the competency standards of Indonesian general practitioners.

4. Doctor’s Oath—This is done after students have successfully passed UKMPPD and earned the title of doctor (dr), and also for those who have a doctor’s degree and have undergone an internship program for 1 year, Registration Certificate (Surat Tanda Registrasi or STR).

5. Internship—In the Internship stage, the status of a doctor who has just graduated and has taken the Doctor’s Oath is an intern. The purpose of holding an internship is to train the readiness and independence of newly graduated doctors before obtaining a Practice License. After succeeding in the medical apprenticeship program, you will receive a Practice Permit (Surat Izin Praktek or SIP) to establish a general practitioner practice or continue on to the Specialist Medical Education Program.

6. Education Program for Specialist Doctors (Pendidikan Program Dokter Spesialis or PPDS)—Specialist doctors are doctors who study certain parts of the body including the diseases in them. PPDS is taken for 4 to 6 years depending on the difficulty of the field taken, and general practitioners who undergo PPDS are referred to as “resident doctors”. Specialist fields that can be taken by general practitioners include: Ophthalmologist (Spesialis Mata or Sp.M); Pulmonary Specialist (Spesialis Paru or Sp.P); Pediatrician (Spesialis Anak or Sp.A); Nutrition Specialist (Spesialis Gizi or Sp.G); Surgical Specialist (Spesialis Bedah or Sp.B); Urology Specialist (Spesialis Urologi or Sp.U), Anesthesia Specialist (Spesialis Anestesi or Sp.An); Radiology Specialist (Spesialis Radiologi or Sp.R), Internal Medicine Specialist (Spesialis Penyakit Dalam or Sp.PD); Skin and Gender Specialist (Spesialis Kulit dan Kelamin or Sp.KK); Forensic Medicine Specialist (Spesialis Kedokteran Forensik or Sp.F); Nerve or Neurological Specialist (Spesialis Saraf atau Neurologis or Sp.N); Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist (Spesialis Kandungan dan Ginekologi or Sp.OG); Psychiatrist and Psychiatrist Specialist (Spesialis Kedokteran Jiwa dan Psikiater or Sp.KJ); Ear, Nose, Throat Specialist (Spesialis Telinga, Hidung, Tenggorokan or Sp. THT); and Heart and Vascular Specialist or Cardiology (Spesialis Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah atau Kardiologi or Sp.JT)

In general, undergraduate law students studying at the Faculty of Law (Fakultas Hukum or FH ) in Indonesia take 8 (eight) semesters with a maximum study period of 12 (twelve) to study and earn a degree as a Bachelor of Laws (Sarjana Hukum or SH).

1. For example, in two universities in Indonesia that have a world reputation in the Webometrics Rank 2023 version, Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) is ranked 678 in the world, and the University of Indonesia is ranked 577 in the world. (Darmawan, 2023) has a concentration of specialization in the Bachelor of Law program as follows:

a. Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta—UGM has 13 (thirteen) concentrations of specialization in bachelor’s degree programs in Law (Universitas Gajah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta—UGM has 13 (Thirteen) Concentration of Specialization in the Law Undergraduate Program, Gajahmada University Law Undergraduate Study Program (S1) in 2023 consisting of:

1) Constitutional Law;

2) State Administrative Law;

3) Tax Law;

4) Environmental Law;

5) Agrarian Law;

6) Customary Law;

7) Civil Law;

8) Labor Law;

9) Commercial Law;

10) Criminal Law;

11) International Law;

12) Islamic law;

13) Procedural Law.

b. Universita Indonesia (UI)—UI has 16 (sixteen) specializations in the Bachelor of Laws undergraduate program (FH-UI, 2021) , consisting of:

1) Legal Practitioner,

2) Civil Law;

3) Islamic law;

4) Customary Law;

5) Economic Law;

6) Technology Law;

7) Criminal Law;

8) Constitutional Law;

9) State Administrative Law;

10) Agrarian Law;

11) Public Finance Law and Taxation;

12) Environmental Law and Natural Resources;

13) Labor Law;

14) International Private Law;

15) Public International Law;

16) Law, Society and Development.

2. Pre-practice or Co-Assistant Period before becoming a Law Degree: None

3. Professional Program Student Competency Test: None

4. Undergraduate Law Undergraduate Oath: There is no specific oath appointment for students who have successfully completed a Bachelor of Law degree: None

5. Internship: There is no internship program prior to becoming a Bachelor of Laws: None

6. Professional Education Program for Bachelor of Laws: None