Components

Targeted property

Reference

Matrix

Filler

Starch

Clay

Elongation at break, tensile strength, water vapor transmission rate

[241] [242]

Starch

MineralClay

Tensile strength, elongation

[243]

Starch

MMT

High mechanical performance

[244]

Starch

MMT

Tensile strength and strain

[245]

Starch

Nanoclay

Structure and mechanical properties

[246]

Starch

MMT

Thermal stability and water absorbance

[246]

Starch/polyester

Organoclay

Tensile strength, Young’s modulus, strain at break

[247]

Starch/PCL

Organoclay

Elongation

[248]

Cellulose Ac.

(+TEC: plasticizer)

Clay

Tensile strength, Young’s modulus, heat deflection temperature, water vapor permeability and impact strength

[249]

Cellulose-Ac.

(+CAB-g-MA: compatibilizer)

Organoclay

Exfoliated structure

[249]

PLA

CNC

Mechanical properties

[250]

PLA (+ PVA: compatibilizer)

CNC

Dispersion of CNC

[251]

LDPE (+ organic acid chlorides: surface modifiers)

CNC

Elongation at break

[252]

PET/LDPE

(+ IPN compatibilizer)

CNC

Mechanical properties

[253]

PLA

Organoclay

Thermal and mechanical properties

[254]

PLA

Layered silicates

Effects of dispersion, intercalation, and aspect ratio of the clay on the material properties.

[255]

PLA/PCL

Modified kaolinite

Processability, thermal stability and mechanical properties

[256]