(1)

(2)

(4)

Eastern China

Central China

Western China

index

−0.007*

0.002

−0.003

(0.0039)

(0.0036)

(0.0051)

lnpgdp

0.787

10.474***

−0.747

(1.5756)

(2.3227)

(1.109)

lnpgdp2

−0.032

−0.494***

0.023

(0.0685)

(0.1104)

(0.0454)

urban

−0.001***

−0.003

−0.001

(0.0002)

(0.004)

(0.007)

fdi

0.009

0.010

0.075*

(0.0138)

(0.0087)

(0.0423)

gov

0.027***

0.008***

0.012***

(0.0021)

(0.0028)

(0.0030)

hc

0.094*

0.041

−0.110*

(0.0531)

(0.0786)

(0.0592)

_cons

1.213

−49.724***

11.193*

(9.0426)

(12.2602)

(6.6196)

city effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

time effect

Yes

Yes

Yes

R²

0.705

0.761

0.653

F

62.595

67.073

69.995

N

900

900

783