Effect

Diseases treated

Dosage and Duration

Of P. niruri

Description

Reference

Immuno modulatory effect (Randomized

Clinical trials)

Tuberculosis

(n = 120 patients)

Oral

50 mg/ml

2 - 6 months

In one study involving 40 active TB patients, a significant elevation of plasma IFN-γ level (+7.65 pg/mL from the mean baseline level of 5.24 pg/mL) was found after 2 months of concomitant treatment. IFN-γ level is critically required to protect the body from and to combat M. tuberculosis

[12]

Vaginal candidiasis

(n = 20 patients)

Oral

100 mg/ml

1 - 3 months

Elevation of IFN-γ level indicates an augmented activity of the T-helper 1 cellular immune response, with concurrent suppression of IL-4 and IL-10 secretion by Th2 subsets, and activation of the macrophages necessary for candida eradication from the vaginal tissues

[13]

Toxic modulatory effect

Urolithiasis

(n = 150 patients)

Oral

2 g/once

Daily

For 180 days

complete stone clearance (stone-free condition with residual fragments less than 3 mm) occurred in 93.5% of patients in the treated group.

[14]

Anti-viral effect

Hepatitis B

(n = 140 patients)

Capsule

3 months and 2 year follow up

Recovery index of HBV-DNA, HBeAg is 88.2% and 52.5% respectively. Also, when treatment was stopped recurrence rate were 10.4% and 13.4% respectively.

[15]

Anti-inflammatory activity

Tonsillo

pharyngitis

Capsule

360 mg/3times daily for 7 days

Indicated by the visual analogue scale reduction in swallowing pain and swallowing difficulty within 6 hours after administration.

[15]