Sample

P (mg/kg )

Na

Mg

Ca

TN

Land clearing

Topsoil

52.38 ± 3.00a

1.20 ± 0.20a

1.03 ± 0.42ab

1.10 ± 0.2a

0.7 ± 0.03cd

Subsoil

56.03 ± 6.07a

1.07 ± 0.21ba

1.23 ± 0.23a

1.07 ± 0.21ba

0.60 ± 0.07d

Fertilizer application

Topsoil

53.3 ± 5.41a

1.10 ± 0.2 ba

1.13 ± 0.2a

1.17 ± 0.3a

1.03 ± 0.07bc

Subsoil

53.16 ± 0.57a

1.03 ± 0.32 ab

1.13 ± 0.45a

0.97 ± 0.35a

1.04 ± 0.23bc

Pesticide Application

Topsoil

52.69 ± 3.53a

0.97 ± 0.15abc

1.07 ± 0.15a

0.91 ± 0.03ab

0.91 ± 0.10bcd

Subsoil

50.57 ± 2.37a

1.0 ± 0.1 ab

1.0 ± 0.26ab

1.0 ± 0.26a

1.18 ± 0.36b

Harvesting

Topsoil

56.9 ± 4.18a

0.70c ± 0b

0.77±0.15ab

0.73±0.21ab

1.62±0.36a

Subsoil

56.13 ± 3.48a

0.6 ± 0.3c

0.47 ± 0.31b

0.47 ± 0.21b

1.07 ± 0.15bc