Sample

MC

pH

EC (µs/cm)

OC

O.M

Land clearing

Topsoil

6.42 ± 2.27b

7.06 ± 0.05a

176.2 ± 2.00b

1.59 ± 0.06ab

3.18 ± 0.12ab

Subsoil

17.53 ± 11.1a

6.75 ± 0.26bc

131.2 ± 28.0b

1.16 ± 0.23bc

2.32 ± 0.46bc

Fertilizer application

Topsoil

11.48 ± 6.65ab

7.05 ± 0.1a

162.3 ± 6.65b

1.30 ± 0.16bc

2.60 ± 0.33bc

Subsoil

7.99 ± 3.52ab

6.96 ± 0.096ab

141.3 ± 25.1b

0.99 ± 0.20c

1.99 ± 0.41c

Pesticide application

Topsoil

9.52 ± 2.72ab

6.62 ± 0.20c

398 ± 311a

1.56 ± 0.27ab

3.11 ± 0.55ab

Subsoil

8.95 ± 6.46ab

6.95 ± 0.094ab

167.8 ± 58.0b

1.163 ± 0.36bc

2.33 ± 0.73bc

Harvesting

Topsoil

10.3 ± 1.38ab

7.13 ± 0.18a

163.1 ± 39.2b

1.91 ± 0.37a

3.82 ± 0.74a

Subsoil

7.58 ± 2.09ab

6.92 ± 0.017ab

149.6 ± 55.6b

1.57 ± 0.255ab

3.153 ± 0.51ab