Sample | MC | pH | EC (µs/cm) | OC | O.M | |
Land clearing | Topsoil | 6.42 ± 2.27b | 7.06 ± 0.05a | 176.2 ± 2.00b | 1.59 ± 0.06ab | 3.18 ± 0.12ab |
Subsoil | 17.53 ± 11.1a | 6.75 ± 0.26bc | 131.2 ± 28.0b | 1.16 ± 0.23bc | 2.32 ± 0.46bc | |
Fertilizer application | Topsoil | 11.48 ± 6.65ab | 7.05 ± 0.1a | 162.3 ± 6.65b | 1.30 ± 0.16bc | 2.60 ± 0.33bc |
Subsoil | 7.99 ± 3.52ab | 6.96 ± 0.096ab | 141.3 ± 25.1b | 0.99 ± 0.20c | 1.99 ± 0.41c | |
Pesticide application | Topsoil | 9.52 ± 2.72ab | 6.62 ± 0.20c | 398 ± 311a | 1.56 ± 0.27ab | 3.11 ± 0.55ab |
Subsoil | 8.95 ± 6.46ab | 6.95 ± 0.094ab | 167.8 ± 58.0b | 1.163 ± 0.36bc | 2.33 ± 0.73bc | |
Harvesting | Topsoil | 10.3 ± 1.38ab | 7.13 ± 0.18a | 163.1 ± 39.2b | 1.91 ± 0.37a | 3.82 ± 0.74a |
Subsoil | 7.58 ± 2.09ab | 6.92 ± 0.017ab | 149.6 ± 55.6b | 1.57 ± 0.255ab | 3.153 ± 0.51ab |