Sl. No

Health Hazards Attributed to Infrasound as Reported in International Published Studies (Appendix A)

Frequency

Amplitude

(dB)

Corresponding Kashmir Health Problems

Reported

Muntazar Kashmir Mental Health Report (2015) [7]

1

PTSD

1 - 10 Hz

60 - 135 dB

• High rates of co-morbidity of symptoms of depression, anxiety and PTSD were found in adults living in the valley.

• Heart palpitations (47%).

• Approximately 1.6 million adults (41%) in the valley are living with significant symptoms of depression, with 415,000 (10%) meeting all the diagnostic criteria for severe depression.

• An estimated 1 million adults (26%) in the valley are living with significant symptoms of an anxiety related disorder.

• Nearly 1 in 5 adults (19%) or 771,000 individuals in the Valley are living with significant PTSD symptoms, with 248,000 (6%) meeting the diagnostic criteria for PTSD.

2

Heart Palpitation + Blood pressure decreased/decreased

14 or 16 Hz

14 dB - 125 dB

3

Severe depression, depression

anxiety related disorders

0.50 to10 Hz

80 dB

4

Fear, sorrow, depression, anxiety, nausea

0.5 to 10 Hz

>80 dB

5

Sleep disorders

6 - 16 Hz

80 dB - 30 dB

59% of population suffer difficulties in sleeping.

6

Difficulty in concentration

17 Hz

14 dB

Having difficulty concentrating (52%).

7

Suicidal ideation

Spectral Data not Reported

Suicidal ideation was reported by 12% of Kashmiri adults.

8

Headaches

7 - 20 Hz

Regularly experiencing headaches (62%).

9

Low in energy

5 - 10 Hz

100 - 135 dB

36% report being low in energy.

10

Annoyance and outbursts of anger

All Frequencies

All Amplitudes

Feeling irritable and having outbursts of anger (65%).

11

Hearing disabilities

20 Hz

2 Hz

140 dB

162 dB

5.6% in 2001 Census, 20.9% in 2011 Census (Note: Great Muzzafarnagar Earthquake M 7.6, infrasound > 180 dB) in 2005.