Parameters, indexes

$T_{i j}$ The cost of transportation per order for product j delivered to plant i.

$V_{i}$ The volume of item per product i

bigM Very large number.

$A_{h}$ The minimum level of LoRaWAN investment to improve the efficiency of holding at the allocated warehouse.

$A_{o}$ The minimum level of LoRaWAN investment to improve the efficiency of ordering at the allocated warehouse.

µ Exponential for the efficiency of holding.

β Exponential for the efficiency of ordering.

C There is no investment in LoRaWAN technology if the lowest level of efficiency of holding is achieved.

F There is no investment in LoRaWAN technology if the lowest level of efficiency of ordering is achieved.

G The highest level of efficiency of ordering which is achieved by $L_{o i}$ investment in LoRaWAN technology.

M The highest level of efficiency of holding which is achieved by $L_{h i}$ investment in LoRaWAN technology.

$S_{i j}$ The minimum level of safety stock for product j at the plant i

$U_{i}$ Truck shipment per unit and ordering cost for plant i.

$C A_{T r}$ The capacity of Truck to deliver items to plant i.

$S S_{i}$ The total size space of the allocated warehouse per unit of time at the plant i.

$R_{i j}$ The rate of demand of plant i of product j per unit of time.

$S C_{i}$ Total setup cost to have a warehouse at the plant i.

$R e_{i}$ Cost of rental space per unit of time.

$H C_{i j}$ Holding cost of product j for plant i.

$O C_{i}$ Ordering cost for plant i.

Indexes

$i, j$ indices for plants and products respectively