Variable

Controls

(n = 910)

Cases

(n = 651)

λ²

P

Age

58.17 ± 14.18

56.24 ± 13.24

0.000

BMI

23.48 ± 5.16

25.53 ± 3.36

0.000

Pack-years

23.48 ± 5.16

25.53 ± 3.36

0.000

History of smoking

No

484 (53.2%)

301 (46.2%)

7.333

0.007

Yes

426 (46.8%)

350 (53.8%)

Smoking status

Never

484 (53.2%)

301 (46.2%)

7.337

0.026

Ever

64 (7.0%)

52 (8.0%)

Current

362 (39.8%)

298 (45.8%)

Race

Han

903 (99.2%)

642 (98.6%)

2.212

0.530

Hui

3 (0.3%)

5 (0.8%)

Manchu

3 (0.3%)

2 (0.3%)

Other

1 (0.1%)

2 (0.3%)

Education status

Illiteracy

169 (18.6%)

83 (12.7%)

18.195

0.001

≤Primary

267 (29.3%)

178 (27.3%)

Secondary

315 (34.6%)

242 (37.2%)

High

134 (14.7%)

112 (17.2%)

≥High

25 (2.7%)

36 (5.5%)

Marital status

Not married

48 (5.3%)

18 (2.8%)

8.671

0.013

Married

830 (91.2%)

619 (95.1%)

Other

32 (3.5%)

14 (2.2%)

Annual household income

<3000

185 (20.3%)

91 (14%)

18.674

0.000

3000 - 10,000

404 (44.4%)

296 (45.5%)

10,000 - 30,000

269 (29.6%)

198 (30.4%)

>30,000

52 (5.7%)

66 (10.1%)

Alcohol consumption

Non-drinks

536 (59.0%)

369 (56.8%)

7.196

0.027

Ever-drinkers

28 (3.1%)

38 (5.8%)

Drinkers

345 (38.0%)

243 (37.4%)

Physical activity

Frequently

29 (3.2%)

23 (3.6%)

1.679

0.432

Occasionally

152 (16.9%)

124 (19.2%)

Never

721 (79.9%)

498 (77.2%)

Occupational categories

Farmers

682 (76%)

467 (73%)

31.947

0.000

Workers

98 (10.9%)

44 (6.9%)

TW

29 (3.2%)

26 (4.1%)

Drivers

18 (2%)

16 (2.5%)

Clerical workers

42 (4.7%)

72 (11.3%)

Retired staff

20 (2.2%)

13 (2%)

Students

8 (0.9%)

2 (0.3%)

Family Hx of Hyperlipidemia

No

884 (98.2%)

631 (97.8%)

0.304

0.581

Yes

16 (1.8%)

14 (2.2%)