Whitening process parameters | Color parameters | Calculated whitening indices | ||||||||
pH value (CPH) | , % | Walnut meal concentration, (CM, %) | L | a | b | WI | SI | ∆E | x | BI |
Unbleached walnut meal | 2.5 | 42.97 | 8.70 | 24.70 | 37.30 | 26.10 | - | 0.47 | 96.68 | |
3 | 3% | 2.5 | 51.98 | 8.51 | 30.75 | 44.30 | 31.90 | 0.20 | 0.48 | 97.20 |
3 | 3% | 5 | 49.27 | 8.75 | 28.23 | 41.30 | 29.50 | 7.50 | 0.47 | 94.42 |
3 | 3% | 10 | 43.73 | 6.50 | 25.40 | 37.90 | 26.20 | 2.10 | 0.47 | 93.81 |
3 | 6% | 2.5 | 60.55 | 8.13 | 29.45 | 50.10 | 30.50 | 18.20 | 0.44 | 74.56 |
3 | 6% | 5 | 55.99 | 7.21 | 27.02 | 47.80 | 27.90 | 1.50 | 0.43 | 73.46 |
3 | 6% | 10 | 45.63 | 5.32 | 20.90 | 41.50 | 21.50 | 5.00 | 0.43 | 68.22 |
3 | 10% | 2.5 | 72.89 | 2.90 | 19.50 | 66.40 | 19.70 | 6.20 | 0.37 | 33.43 |
3 | 10% | 5 | 66.00 | −2.00 | 23.20 | 58.80 | 23.20 | 10.80 | 0.38 | 39.68 |
3 | 10% | 10 | 50.10 | 5.10 | 26.10 | 43.40 | 26.50 | 3.60 | 0.44 | 78.39 |
7 | 3% | 2.5 | 52.33 | 8.75 | 31.00 | 42.10 | 32.20 | 11.20 | 0.48 | 97.64 |
7 | 3% | 5 | 50.01 | 9.12 | 29.15 | 41.40 | 30.50 | 8.30 | 0.47 | 96.81 |
7 | 3% | 10 | 48.25 | 9.50 | 28.55 | 40.10 | 30.00 | 6.50 | 0.48 | 99.75 |
7 | 6% | 2.5 | 61.13 | 8.88 | 29.70 | 50.20 | 30.00 | 18.80 | 0.44 | 75.31 |
7 | 6% | 5 | 56.33 | 7.32 | 27.25 | 47.90 | 28.20 | 1.90 | 0.44 | 73.76 |
7 | 6% | 10 | 46.63 | 7.12 | 21.90 | 41.80 | 23.00 | 3.20 | 0.43 | 73.00 |
7 | 10% | 2.5 | 73.12 | 3.10 | 19.88 | 66.40 | 20.10 | 7.30 | 0.37 | 34.21 |
7 | 10% | 5 | 66.52 | 1.20 | 20.20 | 60.80 | 20.20 | 8.70 | 0.37 | 36.67 |
7 | 10% | 10 | 50.75 | 5.10 | 26.10 | 44.00 | 26.50 | 3.60 | 0.44 | 77.04 |
10 | 3% | 2.5 | 56.33 | 8.80 | 31.55 | 45.40 | 32.70 | 14.90 | 0.46 | 90.19 |
10 | 3% | 5 | 52.01 | 9.33 | 29.19 | 43.00 | 30.60 | 10.10 | 0.47 | 92.19 |
10 | 3% | 10 | 49.11 | 10.50 | 29.00 | 40.50 | 30.80 | 6.70 | 0.48 | 100.77 |
10 | 6% | 2.5 | 63.76 | 9.34 | 30.43 | 51.70 | 31.80 | 21.50 | 0.44 | 73.87 |
10 | 6% | 5 | 57.89 | 8.12 | 27.39 | 49.10 | 28.50 | 15.10 | 0.43 | 72.66 |
10 | 6% | 10 | 47.55 | 7.02 | 22.11 | 42.60 | 23.10 | 3.00 | 0.43 | 71.80 |
10 | 10% | 2.5 | 82.12 | 3.89 | 22.18 | 71.20 | 22.50 | 5.40 | 0.37 | 34.35 |
10 | 10% | 5 | 67.77 | 2.20 | 20.89 | 61.50 | 21.00 | 7.50 | 0.38 | 38.43 |
10 | 10% | 10 | 60.15 | 6.10 | 30.10 | 49.60 | 30.70 | 2.60 | 0.44 | 74.55 |