Whitening process parameters

Color parameters

Calculated whitening indices

pH value

(CPH)

C H 2 O 2 , %

Walnut meal concentration,

(CM, %)

L

a

b

WI

SI

E

x

BI

Unbleached walnut meal

2.5

42.97

8.70

24.70

37.30

26.10

-

0.47

96.68

3

3%

2.5

51.98

8.51

30.75

44.30

31.90

0.20

0.48

97.20

3

3%

5

49.27

8.75

28.23

41.30

29.50

7.50

0.47

94.42

3

3%

10

43.73

6.50

25.40

37.90

26.20

2.10

0.47

93.81

3

6%

2.5

60.55

8.13

29.45

50.10

30.50

18.20

0.44

74.56

3

6%

5

55.99

7.21

27.02

47.80

27.90

1.50

0.43

73.46

3

6%

10

45.63

5.32

20.90

41.50

21.50

5.00

0.43

68.22

3

10%

2.5

72.89

2.90

19.50

66.40

19.70

6.20

0.37

33.43

3

10%

5

66.00

−2.00

23.20

58.80

23.20

10.80

0.38

39.68

3

10%

10

50.10

5.10

26.10

43.40

26.50

3.60

0.44

78.39

7

3%

2.5

52.33

8.75

31.00

42.10

32.20

11.20

0.48

97.64

7

3%

5

50.01

9.12

29.15

41.40

30.50

8.30

0.47

96.81

7

3%

10

48.25

9.50

28.55

40.10

30.00

6.50

0.48

99.75

7

6%

2.5

61.13

8.88

29.70

50.20

30.00

18.80

0.44

75.31

7

6%

5

56.33

7.32

27.25

47.90

28.20

1.90

0.44

73.76

7

6%

10

46.63

7.12

21.90

41.80

23.00

3.20

0.43

73.00

7

10%

2.5

73.12

3.10

19.88

66.40

20.10

7.30

0.37

34.21

7

10%

5

66.52

1.20

20.20

60.80

20.20

8.70

0.37

36.67

7

10%

10

50.75

5.10

26.10

44.00

26.50

3.60

0.44

77.04

10

3%

2.5

56.33

8.80

31.55

45.40

32.70

14.90

0.46

90.19

10

3%

5

52.01

9.33

29.19

43.00

30.60

10.10

0.47

92.19

10

3%

10

49.11

10.50

29.00

40.50

30.80

6.70

0.48

100.77

10

6%

2.5

63.76

9.34

30.43

51.70

31.80

21.50

0.44

73.87

10

6%

5

57.89

8.12

27.39

49.10

28.50

15.10

0.43

72.66

10

6%

10

47.55

7.02

22.11

42.60

23.10

3.00

0.43

71.80

10

10%

2.5

82.12

3.89

22.18

71.20

22.50

5.40

0.37

34.35

10

10%

5

67.77

2.20

20.89

61.50

21.00

7.50

0.38

38.43

10

10%

10

60.15

6.10

30.10

49.60

30.70

2.60

0.44

74.55