Emulsifier

Composition

MW¹

HLB^a2

HLB^b3

CMC⁴ (mM)

Reported CMC (mM)

Tween-20

Sorbitan laurate (C₂₆H₅₀O₁₀)

1227.5

16.7

15.6

0.07

0.042⁵

Ryoto L-1695

Sucrose monolaurate (C₂₄H₄₄O₁₂)

524

16

15

0.44

0.42⁶

LMO

Lactose monooctanoate (C₂₀H₃₆O₁₂)

468.54

16.9

15.8

0.96

0.76⁶

LMD

Lactose monodecanoate (C₂₂H₄₀O₁₂)

496.55

16

14.8

0.89

0.56⁶

LML

Lactose monolaurate (C₂₄H₄₄O₁₂)

524.28

15.7

14.1

0.72

0.31⁶

LMM

Lactose monomyristate (C₂₆H₄₈O₁₂)

552.33

14.1

13.4

0.56

NR⁷