60 - 79 years (N = 268)

Questionnaire items

Answer

No.

Participants

Mean

95% CI

p-value

Making oneself gorge on a meal

Everyday

55

11.5

(10.6 to 12.3)

-

5 - 6 times/week

114

11.4

(10.8 to 12.0)

0.99

3 - 4 times/week

74

10.4

(9.7 to 11.2)

0.43

≤2 times/week

25

10.1

(8.8 to 11.3)

0.43

Having ≥2 different staple foods

≥3 times/week

51

10.5

(9.6 to 11.4)

-

per meal

≤2 times/week

217

11.2

(10.7 to 11.6)

0.21

Having a 1-dish meal

≥3 times/week

104

10.6

(10.0 to 11.3)

-

≤2 times/week

164

11.3

(10.8 to 11.8)

0.11

Number of simmered dishes per day

≥4 servings

27

12.2

(11.0 to 13.5)

-

2 - 3 servings

128

11.3

(10.7 to 11.8)

0.91

1 serving

77

11.1

(10.4 to 11.8)

0.71

≤1 serving/2 days

36

9.2

(8.1 to 10.2)

0.002

Number of soups per day

≥3 servings

30

10.8

(9.6 to 12.0)

-

2 servings

84

11.2

(10.5 to 11.9)

0.99

1 serving

124

11.0

(10.4 to 11.5)

0.99

≤1 serving/2 days

30

11.0

(9.8 to 12.2)

0.99

Types of pickled vegetables per day

≥2 types

105

11.9

(11.3 to 12.5)

-

1 type

120

10.6

(10.1 to 11.2)

0.011

≤1/2 days

43

10.0

(9.1 to 11.0)

0.006

Having salt-cured fish eggs per day

≥1 time

71

11.2

(10.4 to 11.9)

-

≤1 serving/2 days

197

11.0

(10.5 to 11.4)

0.65

Having salty snacks per day

≥2 times

30

11.2

(10.0 to 12.3)

-

1 time

105

11.3

(10.7 to 12)

0.99

≤1/2 days

133

10.8

(10.2 to 11.3)

0.99

Quantity of soup consumed when eating noodles

≥1/3

198

11.1

(10.6 to 11.5)

-

Very little

70

10.9

(10.1 to 11.7)

0.66

Addition of seasoning to cooked dishes

Yes

104

11.2

(10.5 to 11.8)

-

No

164

10.9

(10.4 to 11.5)

0.59

Preference for strong-tasting meals

Yes

85

11.7

(11.0 to 12.4)

-

No

183

10.7

(10.2 to 11.2)

0.020

Frequency of using delicatessen food

≥2 times/week

52

10.0

(9.2 to 10.9)

-

≤1 time/week

216

11.3

(10.8 to 11.7)

0.016

Frequency of eating out

≥2 times/week

35

10.3

(9.1 to 11.4)

-

≤1 time/week

233

11.2

(10.7 to 11.6)

0.16