| Questionnaire items |
Answer |
No. Participants |
Mean |
95% CI |
p-value |
| Making oneself gorge on a meal |
everyday |
226 |
12.6 |
(12.1 to 13.1) |
- |
| 5 - 6 times/week |
354 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.7) |
0.99 |
|
| 3 - 4 times/week |
143 |
12.2 |
(11.5 to 12.8) |
0.99 |
|
| ≤2 times/week |
37 |
10.7 |
(9.5 to 11.9) |
0.038 |
|
| Having ≥2 different staple foods |
≥3 times/week |
198 |
12.8 |
(12.2 to 13.3) |
- |
| per meal |
≤2 times/week |
562 |
12.1 |
(11.8 to 12.4) |
0.034 |
| Having a 1-dish meal |
≥3 times/week |
419 |
12.5 |
(12.2 to 12.9) |
- |
| ≤2 times/week |
341 |
12.0 |
(11.6 to 12.4) |
0.046 |
|
| Number of simmered dishes per day |
≥4 servings |
45 |
13.9 |
(12.8 to 15.0) |
- |
| 2 - 3 servings |
270 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.8) |
0.06 |
|
| 1 serving |
325 |
12.4 |
(12.0 to 12.8) |
0.08 |
|
| ≤1 serving/2 days |
120 |
11.3 |
(10.6 to 12.0) |
0.001 |
|
| Number of soups per day |
≥3 servings |
66 |
12.5 |
(11.6 to 13.5) |
- |
| 2 servings |
247 |
12.4 |
(11.9 to 12.9) |
0.99 |
|
| 1 serving |
360 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.7) |
0.99 |
|
| ≤1 serving/2 days |
87 |
11.7 |
(10.9 to 12.5) |
0.99 |
|
| Types of pickled vegetables per day |
≥2 types |
169 |
12.9 |
(12.3 to 13.5) |
- |
| 1 type |
340 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.7) |
0.31 |
|
| ≤1/2 days |
251 |
11.8 |
(11.4 to 12.3) |
0.027 |
|
| Having salt-cured fish eggs per day |
≥1 time |
202 |
12.8 |
(12.3 to 13.3) |
- |
| ≤1 serving/2 days |
558 |
12.1 |
(11.8 to 12.4) |
0.024 |
|
| Having salty snacks per day |
≥2 times |
41 |
12.5 |
(11.3 to 13.6) |
- |
| 1 time |
337 |
12.3 |
(11.8 to 12.7) |
0.99 |
|
| ≤1/2 days |
382 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.7) |
0.99 |
|
| Quantity of soup consumed when eating noodles |
≥1/3 |
653 |
12.4 |
(12.1 to 12.7) |
- |
| very little |
107 |
11.6 |
(10.8 to 12.3) |
0.044 |
|
| Addition of seasoning to cooked dishes |
Yes |
459 |
12.5 |
(12.1 to 12.8) |
- |
| No |
301 |
12.0 |
(11.5 to 12.4) |
0.10 |
|
| Preference for strong-tasting meals |
Yes |
300 |
12.7 |
(12.3 to 13.1) |
- |
| No |
460 |
12.0 |
(11.6 to 12.3) |
0.013 |
|
| Frequency of using delicatessen food |
≥2 times/week |
251 |
12.3 |
(11.8 to 12.7) |
- |
| ≤1 time/week |
509 |
12.3 |
(11.9 to 12.6) |
0.97 |
|
| Frequency of eating out |
≥2 times/week |
225 |
12.7 |
(12.2 to 13.2) |
- |
| ≤1 time/week |
535 |
12.1 |
(11.8 to 12.4) |
0.05 |