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| Water balance | W: 10 ± 190 mL* W + Na: 60 ± 80 mL* CE: −50 ± 230 mL Water: −20 ± 150 mL |
| Watson et al. 2008 [5] | 7 man PA
Recovery time: 3 h Supple.: 30 min after exercise every 15 min to complete 1 h SM and CE Vol.:150% BML | Vol. of urine excreted | 2 h after supple.: SM: 400 ± 84 mL* CE: 679 ± 297 mL |
| % retained liquid | SM: 77% ± 6%* CE: 62% ± 17% | ||
| Water balance | SM: 191 ± 162 mLa CE: −135 ± 392 mL | ||
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| Electrolyte excretion in urine | SM: ↑* |
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| Serum osmolality (mOsmol/kg) | SM: ↑ until the end of recovery |
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| Serum electrolytes | SM: ↑ potassiumb |
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| Plasma volume (mL) | No differences |
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| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | Immediately after supplement: SM: 4.97 ± 0.46** CE: 7.91 ± 1.30 2 h after supplement.: CE: ↓c |
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| Subjective sensations | CE: sweeter drinkd Feeling of hunger with water consumptione Gastric fullness: ↑ SMf |
| Volterman et al., 2014 [8] | 38 children Recovery time: 2 h Supple: 0 min, 15 min and 30 min after exercise Water; CES; SM Vol.:100% BML | Vol. of urine excreted | Water > CES > SM** |
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| % retained liquid | Water: 47% ± 26% CES: 59% ± 20% SM: 74% ± 18%** |
| Water balance | Negative for all drinks, but less negative for SM in relation to water** | ||
| Urine density (g/mL) | No significant difference | ||
| Subjective responses | CES more pleasant than SM and water** Greater preference for CESg | ||
| Desbrow et al., 2014 [34] | 15 man Recovery time: 4 h Supple.: 30 min after exercise every 15 min to complete 1 h Cow’s milk, soy milk, Sustagen Sport-Nestlé®, Powerade-Coca-Cola® Vol.: 150% BML | Water balance | Negative for all drinks, but more negative for Powerade-Coca-Cola® in relation to cow’s milkg; soy milkg and Sustagen Sport-Nestlé®g |
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| Vol. of urine excreted | Powerade-Coca-Cola®: 1834 ± 427 mLh Cow’s milk: 1338 ± 427 mLhi Soy milk: 1144 ± 446 mLhi Sustagen Sport-Nestlé®: 771 ± 367 mLi |
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| % retained liquid | Powerade-Coca-Cola®:16.6% ± 16.5%h Cow’s milk: 40% ± 24.9%hi Soy milk: 46.9% ± 19.9%hi Sustagen Sport-Nestlé®: 65.1% ± 14.7%i |
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| Subjective responses | Sustagem sweeter than the cow’s milk and soy milk* |