System used | Efficiency (%)-primary energy use to cooling energy |
Solar-PV combined with compression chiller | 22.1 |
Solar thermal-flat plate collectors combined with Adsorption chiller | 22.5 |
Solar thermal-evacuated tubes combined with Absorption chiller | 48 |
Solar thermal-parabolic troughs combined with Absorption chiller | 56 |
Heat pumps using grid electricity1,2 | 105 |
Compression chillers using grid electricity1 | 45 |