Level of evidence | Source of evidence |
Level 1A | Evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyzes of comparable clinical trials. Well-delineated randomized controlled trials with relevant clinical outcome. |
Level 1B | Evidence based on randomized controlled trials with narrow confidence intervals. |
Level 1C | Evidence of “all or nothing” results. Case-control study. |
Level 2A | Evidence resulting from a homogeneous systematic review of cohort studies (with comparison groups and control variables). |
Level 2B | Evidence based on cohort studies with poor quality of randomization, control or without long follow-up, cross-sectional cohort study. |
Level 2C | Evidence of research results (observation of therapeutic results or clinical evolution). |
Level 3A | Evidence resulting from homogeneous systematic review of case studies with control group. |
Level 3B | Evidence based on case studies with control group. |
4 | Evidence from case and series reports without case-control definition. |
5 | Evidence from the opinion of authorities or experts. Review of non-systematic literature. |