Chinese 3 kA cell (model)

Laboratory cell

(model)

Laboratory cell

(measured)

Cell voltage

8.2 V (sum of all voltage drops)

2.72 V (sum of all voltage drops)

3.4 V

Cell current

2 200 A [23]

30 A

30 A

Anode cathode distance

7.5 cm [24]

3.4 cm

3.4 cm

Active anode area

1 600 cm² [24]

~70 cm²

~70 cm²

Anode current density

1.38 A/cm²

0.42 A/cm²

0.42 A/cm²

Revers. decomposition voltage

1.32 V

1.32 V

1.32 V

Ohmic resistance anode

0.061 mΩ [19]

0.942 mΩ [19]

Ohmic voltage drop anode

0.134 V

0.028 V

Ohmic resistance cathode

0.07 mΩ [20]

2.47 mΩ [20]

Ohmic voltage drop cathode

0.155 V

0.074 V

Ohmic resistance electrolyte

2.71 mΩ [17] [18]

31.8 mΩ

(@ 1% Nd₂O₃) [17] [18]

22.56 mΩ

(@ 1% Nd₂O₃ with measured cell constant by impedance spectroscopy K = 0.085 cm⁻¹)

Ohmic voltage drop electrolyte

5.35 V

(@ 1% Nd₂O₃)

0.95 V

(@ 1% Nd₂O₃)

0.68 V

(@ 1% Nd₂O₃)

Anodic concentration corrected charge transfer overvoltage (strong dependence on O concentration)

1.08 V (@ 1% Nd₂O₃) [9]

0.12 V (@ 1% Nd₂O₃) [9]

~1 V

@ addition of 1% Nd₂O₃

Anodic product diffusion overvoltage

0.13 V [9]

0.13 V [9]

Cathodic overvoltage

0.1 V [21]

0.1 V [21]

Total cell resistance

3.7 mΩ

0.091 Ω

0.113 Ω