Favorable

Unfavorable

Hazard ratio

95% CI

p Value

Age

<65

≥65

0.711

0.385 - 1.236

0.234

Gender

Female

Male

0.394

0.230 - 0.655

<0.001

Smoking

Never

Current/Former

0.409

0.237 - 0.684

0.001

Histology

Adenocarcinoma

Others

0.223

0.136 - 0.367

<0.001

pT status

pT1

pT2 - 3

0.385

0.236 - 0.633

<0.001

pN status

pN0

pN1 - 2

0.284

0.168 - 0.503

<0.001

Serum CEA

Normal

High

0.310

0.188 - 0.518

<0.001

COPD

non-COPD

COPD

0.825

0.491 - 1.443

0.488

GOLD

non-COPD + GOLD 1

GOLD 2 - 3

0.425

0.215 - 0.967

0.042