Null Hypothesis: | Obs. | F-Statistic | Prob. |
DLNEX does not Grainger Cause DLNPPI | 93 | 0.2 | 0.79 |
DLNPPI does not Grainger Cause DLNEX |
| 2.7 | 0.07 |
DLNER does not Grainger Cause DLNPPI | 93 | 3.5 | 0.03 |
DLNPPI does not Grainger Cause DLNER |
| 0.7 | 0.52 |
DLNER does not Grainger Cause DLNEX | 93 | 0.2 | 0.82 |
DLNEX does not Grainger Cause DLNER |
| 0.2 | 0.80 |