Variables

All

Sex

Residence

Model 1

Male

Female

Urban

Rural

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Intergenerational Relation Variables

1) Main source of financial support from children

0.10

0.32^**

−0.12

0.20

−0.05

2) Give money to children (mean)

−0.21^**

0.09

0.38

0.23

−0.08

3) Receive money from children (mean)

−0.20^**

0.06

−0.26^*

−0.15

−0.10

4) Usually talk to children

0.28^***

0.22

0.25

0.35^**

0.18

5) Share thoughts with children

−0.40^***

−0.30

−0.59^***

−0.26

−0.72^***

6) Taken care by children when sick

−0.11

−0.12

0.26

−0.01

0.11

7) Ask help from children

0.11

−0.06

0.12

−0.22

0.27

Control variables

1) Currently married

−0.50^***

−0.37^**

−0.37

−0.58^***

−0.20

2) Minority

0.28^**

−0.22

0.39^*

−0.22

0.32

3) Male

−0.84

−

−

−0.20

−0.18

4) Urban

−0.14^**

−0.27^**

−0.16

−

−

5) Age

0.01

−0.01

−0.03^***

−0.02^**

−0.02^**

6) Household income

−0.11^***

−0.12^***

−0.10^***

−0.14^***

−0.08^**

7) Education

−0.04^***

−0.01

−0.01

−0.01

−0.01

8) Self-rated health

−0.78^***

−0.69^***

−0.84^***

−0.66^***

−0.94^***

9) ADL disabilities

0.19^***

0.16^***

0.20^***

0.17^***

0.18^***

10) Spouse dead, ≤3 years

0.12

0.25

−0.14

0.02

−0.01

11) Living with others

−0.32^***

−0.06

−0.23

−0.20

−0.07

Constant

10.50^***

10.67^***

13.07^***

11.88^***

13.02^***

N

2416

1025

1391

1346

1070

Adjusted R2

0.19

0.15

0.18

0.16

0.19