| Contributing factors | Effective | Frequency % |
| Hyper-air conditioning | 38 | 20.7% |
| Overbreathing | 155 | 84.2% |
| Insecticide | 67 | 36.4% |
| Passive smoking | 50 | 27.6% |
| Dust | 4 | 2.2% |
| Incense | 122 | 66.3% |