| Variables | Brain invasion grade | p | ||
| Grade I | Grade II | Grade III | ||
| Age group |
|
|
|
|
| 20 - 39 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0.812* |
| 40 - 59 | 2 | 23 | 1 | |
| 60 - 79 | 2 | 12 | 1 | |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
| M | 5 | 20 | 1 | 0.104* |
| F | - | 19 | 2 | |
| Histopathology |
|
|
|
|
| Squamous cell carcinoma | - | 22 | 3 | 0.001* |
| Adenocarcinoma | - | 16 | - | |
| Esthesioneuroblastoma | 5 | 1 | - | |
| Local symptoms |
|
|
|
|
| Nasal obstruction | 5 | 39 | 3 |
|
| Anosmia |
|
|
| 0.687* |
| Nasal discharge | 4 | 31 | 1 |
|
| Epistaxis | 2 | 5 | - |
|
| Neurological related symptoms |
|
|
|
|
| Mental disturbances | - | - | 3 | 0.001* |
| None | 5 | 39 | - |
|
| Imageology feature |
|
|
|
|
| Brain edema | - | 38 | 3 | 0.001* |
| Complications |
|
|
|
|
| Frontopolar artery infarct | - | 2 | 1 | 0.137 |
| Quantitative variables |
|
|
|
|
| Mean surgical time | 354.0 (±49.3) | 346.9 (±45.1) | 366.7 (±15.3) | 0.735** |
| Mean blood loss | 900.0 (±289.4) | 682.3 (±206.3) | 666.7 (±230.9) | 0.113** |
| ICU stay | 1.0 (±0.0) | 1.1 (±0.3) | 1.7 (±0.6) | 0.011** |
| Hospital stay | 5.4 (±0.9) | 5.3 (±0.6) | 5.7 (±1.2) | 0.688** |
| Total | 5 | 39 | 3 |
|