| Reference | Type of vector | Gene | Therapeutic effects | Ethics and the use of viral vectors in gene therapy |
| Fol et al., 2016 [29] | AAVvirus APPsα, TREM2, | APP | APPsα, TREM2 and IDE, leading to a decrease in Aβ levels. | Viral vectors used in gene therapy can cause genetic mutations, deletions, substitutions and inversions.
So, gene therapy raises some concerns, as its reliance on viral vector delivery of therapeutic transgenes can cause both insertional oncogenesis and immunogenic toxicity [30] .
In the application of gene therapy using viral vectors, we must apply not only the principle of ethical precaution but also the fundamental bioethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. |
| Rafii et al., 2014 [31] | AAV2-NGF | NGF | NGF transport in the NBM leads to continuous NGF expression by cholinergic neurons. | |
| Revilla et al., 2014 [31] | Lentiviral vectors | GDNF | Transduction of astrocytic cells with lenti-GDNF in the hippocampus resulted in substantial overexpression of BDNF, leading to maintenance of spatial learning and memory. | |
| Burlot et al., 2015 [24] | AAV5-CYP46A1 | CYP46A1 | In THY-Tau22 mice: Normalization of 24S-hydroxycholesterol and CYP46A1 levels. | |
| Krishnamurthy et al. 2020 [25] | Vectastain Elite ABC/DAB | APOE | Reduced s-Aβ and Aβ plaques; improved memory | |
| Gupta et al., 2022 [26] | PEG-PEI-siRNA-Carboxylated graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets | GSK3β | Decreased expression of amyloid pathway genes | |
| Zhou et al., 2020 [32] | Gal-NP@siRNA | BACE1 | Restore cognitive functions |