Lee & Jin 2019 [8]

Not Applicable

theoretical framework

Oregon, US

1) A design framework is developed to assess the sportswear attributes in terms of comfort and enhanced performance for wheelchair users. 2) Wheelchair users’ characteristics and the degree of physical disability are associated with their clothing attributes. 3) It is also suggested that age aspect needs to be considered for the personal characteristic dimension. 4) The activity and the fit attributes in the physical dimension are addressed to guide the development of sportswear. 5) The proposed design model offers a sub dimension to improve the fit attribute for the sportswear for wheelchair users depending on the activity. In addition, it can be suggested particularly to identify the unbalanced measurement of bodice for wheelchair users and the difference of the wearing ease for the bodice and sleeve when developing the pattern in the physical dimension.

Eggleston et al. 1994 [47]

Not Applicable

Case study

US

1) 17 items of clothing were developed including suits, dresses, blouses, evening skirts, slacks, sports coats, and robes, and caps for wheelchair users. 2) Jacket should not exceed hip bone, and slacks should have high crotch with enough back rise and adequate knee length. 3) Front-openings on garments and separate pockets are suggested. 4) Extra loops of gloves are needed for fastening on wrist, and shoulder bags are recommended.

Howe 2010 [48]

100

Online questionnaire cohesive needs analysis

Australia and US

1) The higher the injury level, the greater the loss of mobility and consequent reliance on carers for basic needs. Higher injury levels also led to greater changes in body shape.

2) People were keen to conceal their stomachs, usually by purchasing larger sizes, but this resulted in clothes not fitting well and posed greater risk of pressure sores.

3) As the difficulty in buying clothes increased, people were more likely to feel unattractive, sloppy and dull in their clothes.

4) Design of existing clothes for wheelchair users is either focused on solutions for one specific client group without generalizing designs and analyses to others, or attempting to design for a wide population but failing to address issues specific to disability subgroups.

5) Widely available clothing solutions for wheelchair users focused predominantly on functional and medical issues and placed less emphasis on emotional, expressive or aesthetic requirements of the clothing.

6) Many solutions do not consider the relationship between body and wheelchair, such as knees, ankles, upper body sizes.