[37] Rai et al., 1991*

31 (G = 12; P = 15) subjects with mild to moderate impairment of organic origin

MMSE 26.8

Signs of mild to moderate memory impairment of organic origin as classified by NINCDS-ADRDA¹ for a minimum of 3 months

randomized, double blind, parallel group placebo controlled

aged ≥ 50 years

Mean age in gingko group 73.42 ± 7.25 years

EGb 761 at 40 mg 3-times a day for up to 24 weeks

Primary goal: efficacy

Psychometric test: (measured at 0, 12 and 24 weeks)

1)the Folstein Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)

2) the Kendrick Battery for the detection of dementia in the elderly

3) computerized version of the digit recall task

4) computerized version of a classification task

5) latency of auditory event related potential, i.e. P300

6)EEG

1) No differences in MMSE

2)Significant improvement on the digit copying sub-test of the Kendrick at weeks 12 and 24 (p = 0.022 and at p = 0.017)

3) Significant improvement on the median reaction time of the classification task at 24 weeks (p = 0.0259)

4) Digit recall task at 24 week showed contradictory results

5) No changes in latency

6) Statistical decrease of frequency in the 1 to 3 Hz waveband at 24 weeks

EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on mental efficiency in elderly patients showing mild to moderate memory impairment of organic origin

[38] Taillandier et al., 1986 *

166 (G = 80; P = 86) subjects with cerebral aging disorders (mostly women)

GCES

Cerebral aging evaluated by means GCES, score ranging 3 to 5 for at least two of the following six items: alertness, memory for recent events, mood, vertigo, headaches, tinnitus, without maximum severity score for more than two items

21>Totals score<113

INSEE scale: average 2.88

Hachinski ischemic score: 5.32 ± 0.21

Multicenter, randomized, double blind placebo controlled

aged ≥ 60 years

Mean age in gingko group 82.35 ± 0.71 years

EGb 761 at 160 mg/day for 12 months

Primary outcome: efficacy

1) Geriatric Clinical Evaluation Scale (GCES)

2) General clinical evaluation (evaluation of the severity of impairment on the basis of clinical experience)

3) Overall Evolution (improvement in comparison with the initial condition)

4) Subgroup-analysis

1) Significant improvement on GCES over placebo by the third month (p = 0.01). Effect increased over the course of time and greater for the most affected subjects at baseline.

2) The severity of disorders showed significant differences from 6 months

3) Significant differences in favor of GBE the distribution from 9 months

4) Improvements were greater when history of disorder were longer than 2 years and when subjects were severely affected initially = > higher Hachinski score showed greater improvements