No

Source

Details

Type

1.

Sedlak, A. J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Peta, I., McPherson, K., & Greene, A. (2010). Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4). Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 9, 2010.

Multi risk factors upgrade the likelihood of unnecessary outcomes for small kids with traumatic exposure

Finding

2.

Sedlak, A. J., Mettenburg, J., Basena, M., Peta, I., McPherson, K., & Greene, A. (2010). Fourth National Incidence Study of Child Abuse and Neglect (NIS-4). Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 9, 2010.

The feasibility of childhood problems may likely appear at all levels of socioeconomic structure

Socio-economic status

3.

Yoeli, R., & Berkovich, I. (2010). From Personal Ethos to Organizational Vision: Narratives of Visionary Educational Leaders. Journal of Educational Administration.

Trauma has the strength to create strong held definition, thereby providing trauma-inspired leaders a vision for their cause or setup

Empirical evidence

4.

Joseph, S., Murphy, D., & Regel, S. (2012). An Affective–Cognitive Processing Model of Post-Traumatic Growth. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(4), 316-325.

Trauma survivors report positive results and post traumatic experience as a major life change event from their past exposure.

Empirical evidence

5.

Vasterling, J. J., Daly, E. S., & Friedman, M. J. (2011). Posttraumatic Stress Reactions Over time: The Battlefield, Homecoming, and Long-Term Course.

Recovery steps may be difficult but some people’s experience a greater tank giving of life and sense of humor

Presumption

6.

Turner, H. A., Finkelhor, D., Ormrod, R., Hamby, S., Leeb, R. T., Mercy, J. A., & Holt, M. (2012). Family Context, Victimization, and Child Trauma Symptoms: Variations in Safe, Stable, and Nurturing Relationships during Early and Middle Childhood. American Journal of orthopsychiatry, 82(2), 209.

States that research suggests that a child’s temperament and IQ level can increase resilience and help with the ability to overcome traumatic situations.

experimental study

7.

Malizia, N. (2017). The Psychological Trauma in Children and Adolescents: Scientific and Sociological Profiles. Sociology Mind, 7(01), 11. p15

An attachment of secure togetherness with available adults gives a secure base for the baby to explore the area.

Social and Behavioral traits

8.

Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive Change Following Trauma and Adversity: A Review. Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 17(1), 11-21.

Trauma gives an exposure for change and transformation. An Individual can show positive psychological changes and personal improvements after the problem because of learning gained through coping with the problem of trauma

Emerging theory/ Empirical evidence

9.

Lim, D., & DeSteno, D. (2016). Suffering and Compassion: The Links among Adverse Life Experiences, Empathy, Compassion, and Prosocial Behavior. Emotion, 16(2), 175.

experiencing adversity can add posttraumatic development including compassion and prosocial characters.

emerging theory/ Empirical evidence

10.

Edwards, V. J., Holden, G. W., Felitti, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2003). Relationship between Multiple Forms of Childhood Maltreatment and Adult Mental Health in Community Respondents: Results from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(8), 1453-1460.

The bad effects of trauma in the period of childhood can lead into adulthood; thus, studies show that matured people who experienced trauma as small children have great risks of physical and mental difficulties.

Findings