| Novice (Rookie) | Advanced Beginner | Competent Performer | Proficient Performer | Expert (Master) | |
Implicit leadership theory | A person in charge who wields clout | A person with a compelling vision | A person who takes a stand for the future | A systemic capacity that aligns people | An exercise in language that shifts the “occurring” | |
Use of the language of leadership | Token fluency with leadership terms/words | Conversant with concepts and definitions | Uses language of phenomenology in conversation | Conversational domain discerned in the first-person | Conversational domain “uses” the leader | |
Response to a leadership breakdown* | Often confused, clueless, if not lost | Calculative rationality** | Calculative rationality | Calculative rationality | Deliberative rationality*** | |
Theory of performance (effectiveness) | Performance is an effect caused by the leader’s traits/attributes | Performance is an effect caused by the leader’s traits/attributes | Performance is an effect caused by the leader’s traits/attributes | Performance is predominantlya correlate of the “occurring” | Performance is predominantlya correlate of the “occurring” | |