Emission area

Range of emission

Significant factors of emission per freight

Transport mode (gram CO2 per ton/km)

Road

60 - 140

Load rate, weight/volume ratio, quality of truck, traffic conditions, truck speed

Rail

20 - 50

Load rate, train size, power system (electricity or diesel), the speed of the train.

Deep Sea shipping

7 - 10

Vessel size, utilisation, speed

Short Sea shipping

15 - 30

Vessel size, utilisation, speed

Small RoRo

50 - 60

Vessel size, utilization, speed

Barge

20 - 50

Vessel size, the speed of water (on the river), utilisation rate, speed

Bulk shipping (large vessels)

5 - 7

Vessel speed and size

Air freight (medium to long haul)

50 - 800

Size of aircraft, distance, utilisation

Pipeline

4 - 6

Barge size

Transport node (kg per TEU or ton)

Handling of a container in a seaport

12 - 20

(TEU)

Terminal size and equipment, number of intra-terminal moves

Handling of a container at an inland

Terminal

5 - 10

(TEU)

Terminal size and equipment, number of intra-terminal moves

Nautical services (vessel traffic

management, towage, mooring)

<1 kg

per ton

Fuel and sustainability of pilotage and inspection vessels