Emission area | Range of emission | Significant factors of emission per freight |
Transport mode (gram CO2 per ton/km) |
|
|
Road | 60 - 140 | Load rate, weight/volume ratio, quality of truck, traffic conditions, truck speed |
Rail | 20 - 50 | Load rate, train size, power system (electricity or diesel), the speed of the train. |
Deep Sea shipping | 7 - 10 | Vessel size, utilisation, speed |
Short Sea shipping | 15 - 30 | Vessel size, utilisation, speed |
Small RoRo | 50 - 60 | Vessel size, utilization, speed |
Barge | 20 - 50 | Vessel size, the speed of water (on the river), utilisation rate, speed |
Bulk shipping (large vessels) | 5 - 7 | Vessel speed and size |
Air freight (medium to long haul) | 50 - 800 | Size of aircraft, distance, utilisation |
Pipeline | 4 - 6 | Barge size |
Transport node (kg per TEU or ton) |
|
|
Handling of a container in a seaport | 12 - 20 (TEU) | Terminal size and equipment, number of intra-terminal moves |
Handling of a container at an inland Terminal | 5 - 10 (TEU) | Terminal size and equipment, number of intra-terminal moves |
Nautical services (vessel traffic management, towage, mooring) | <1 kg per ton | Fuel and sustainability of pilotage and inspection vessels |