| Source and Publication Year | Year of Study Conducted | Study Design | No. of Patients | Age of Patients | Gender | Research Evaluation in aspect of Clinical Outcomes based on VAS, ODI or Macnab criteria |
| J Wang, Y Zhou, C Li, et al. 2009 | June 2007 to 2008 | Retrospective Study | 52 | Mean age was 38.2 years | 15 Males & 37 Females | VAS score before operation, 1 month after operation and at the final follow-up was (7.34+/−1.52), (3.62+/−0.92) and (1.57+/−0.48) points, respectively. Macnab criteria: 11 cases were graded as excellent, 23 as good, 13 as fair, 5 as bad, and the excellent and good rate was 65.38%. |
| Yi-Bing Bai, Ling Xu, Jian Cheng Xi et al. 2012 | December 2009 to June 2010 | Retrospective Study | 119 | Mean age was 44.8 years | 75 Males & 44 Females | VAS improved statistically significantly from preoperative 6.8 to postoperative 1.8 (P < 0.05). ODI decreased from preoperative 70.06 to 19.09 at the last follow-up. The Macnab results were excellent (n = 82, 68.9%), good (n = 20, 16.7%), fair (n = 8, 6.7%) and bad (n = 9, 7.7%) (Including all patients lost to follow-up). And the excellent-to-good rate was 85.6%. |
| Gun Choi, Hitesh N Modi, Nicolas Prada et al. 2013 | 2004 to 2006 | Prospective study | 89 | Average age was 46.6 years | 59 Men & 30 Women | Postoperative mean ODI decreased from 67.4% to 5.61%. Mean VAS score for back and leg pain improved significantly from 4 to 2.3 and from 7.99 to 1.04, respectively. MacNab’s criteria, 76 patients (85.4%) showed excellent, 8 (8.89%) good, 3 (3.37%) fair, and 2 (2.25) poor results. |
| Yi Jiang, Hua-Wei Song, Dong Wang et al. 2013 | June 2011 to January 2012 | Retrospective Study | 46 | Age from 11 years to 77 years old | 28 Males & 18 Females | VAS score of lumbar before operation and at the 1st and 3rd, 6th, 12th month after operation were 5.3+/−1.2, 1.9+/−1.1, 1.0+/−0.8, 0.9+/−0.8, 0.8+/−0.6, respectively. VAS score of leg before operation and at the 1st and 3rd, 6th, 12th month after operation were 7.2+ 1.2, 0.8+/−1.2, 0.5+/−0.8, 0.5+/−0.8, 0.3+/−0.8, respectively. |
| Ku Wang, Xin Hong, Bao-Yi Zhou et al. 2015 | January 2013 to September 2014 | Retrospective Study | 207 | 108 cases in the ≤45-year-old age group and 99 cases in the >45-year-old | Male and Female | The mean pre-operative and postoperative VAS and ODI scores significantly improved. In age ≤45 group, 56 % had excellent outcomes, 28% good, 14% fair, and 3% poor. In the age > 45 group, 51% had excellent outcomes, 20% good, 25% fair, and 4% poor. |
| Mehmet Haluk Ozer, Guven Citak, Muhammet Bahadir Yilmaz et al. 2016 | 2004 to 2010 | Retrospective Study | 67 | Mean age was 52.3 years | 30 Males & 37 Female | The mean pre-operative VAS score was 8.13 while the mean post-operative VAS score was 2.4 in the 1st month and 2.01 in the 12th month. Satisfaction according to MacNab criteria in the 12th month was excellent in 35 (52.2%) patients, good in 18 (26.9%) patients, fair in 11 (16.4%) patients, and poor in 3 (4.5%) patients. |
| Pravesh S. Gadjradj, Maurits W. van Tulder, Clemens M. F. Dirven et al. 2016 | January 2009 and December 2012 | Prospective Study | 166 | Ages from 18 to 80 years | Women & Men | The mean reported scores on the VAS was 82.5 ± 17.3. Six weeks after surgery, the score on the VAS was significantly reduced to 28.8 ± 24.5 (P < 0.001). After 52 weeks of follow-up, the scores were further reduced compared with baseline scores (P < 0.001) to 19.6 ± 23.5 on the VAS. |