Influential causes of dropout

Causes in detail

School’s areas

Total (n = 299)

Rural (n = 149)

Urban (n = 150)

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

Number

Percent

School causes

- Failure in exams (no cognitive presence in class, no value given to education, evaluation)

- Punishment and insults in school

- Dissatisfaction with school, (difficulty and not interested in study, bad relationship with teacher, bad infrastructure)

- Academic learning too abstract (little relevant, far from real life, seems to miss the concerns of adolescents)

- Inability to buy stationery and books

- Unequal opportunity (weak academic aspirations)

- Inadequate school climate

11

2

1

1

2

1

1

3

(7.50)

1.34

0.67

0.67

1.34

1.34

1.34

2.01

26

3

2

2

3

2

2

3

(17.00)

2.00

1.33

1.33

2.00

1.33

1.33

2.00

37

5

3

3

5

3

3

6

(12.50)

1.67

1.00

1.00

1.67

1.00

1.00

2.00

Family’s causes

- Parental support (parent’s illiteracy, household chores, looking after the younger siblings, parents’ prohibition to go to school)

- Lack of family organization (helping family, large number of children)

- Instability in family (deteriorated parent-adolescent relationship, authoritarian parenting style, difficult family climate life)

- Low cultural and economic capital

30

8

7

6

9

(20.00)

5.36

4.69

4.02

6.04

34

6

10

10

8

(23.00)

4.00

6.66

6.66

5.33

64

14

17

16

17

(21.50)

4.68

5.68

5.35

5.68

Social causes

- Negative school interactions (gender discrimination in school, humiliation by friends in school)

- Regional disparities

- Problematic behaviors (alcoholism, drug addiction, theft, vandalism)

- Persistence of social inequality

- Social vulnerability (labeling, gaps in social skills)

30

6

6

6

6

6

(20.00)

4.02

4.02

4.02

4.02

4.02

25

5

5

5

5

5

(17.00)

3.33

3.33

3.33

3.33

3.33

55

11

11

11

11

11

(18.50)

3.67

3.67

3.67

3.67

3.67

Economic causes

- Economic insecurity and scarcity (financial constraints, professional instability of parents)

- Child labor (agricultural work, engagement in seasonal job and in child labor)

- Go for illegal immigration

- Go for parallel trade

- Rural exodus

25

5

5

5

5

5

(17.00)

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

23

7

5

5

2

4

(15.00)

4.66

3.33

3.33

1.33

2.66

48

12

10

10

7

9

(16.00)

4.01

3.34

3.34

2.34

3.01

Personal causes

- Low self-esteem (negative school climate, little academic commitment)

- Psychological fragility (depression, dramatization, isolation)

- Behavior trouble (absenteeism academic difficulties, conflicted relationships)

- Cognitive deficit (lack of motivation, low concentration and attention)

12

3

3

3

3

(8.00)

2.01

2.01

2.01

2.01

20

5

5

5

5

(13.00)

3.33

3.33

3.33

3.33

32

8

8

8

8

(10.50)

2.67

2.67

2.67

2.67

Cultural causes

- Little incentives for girls (early marriage for girls)

- Socio-cultural inequality in terms of academic success

- School culture competes with media cultures

- Inconsistency of family culture and school culture

- Traditional customs, beliefs and practices

26

6

5

5

5

5

(17.50)

4.02

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.35

15

2

4

3

3

3

(10.00)

1.33

2.66

2.66

2.66

2.66

41

8

9

8

8

8

(13.75)

2.67

3.01

2.67

2.67

2.67

Geographic causes

- Distance (school far from home, lack of public transportation and facilities)

- Harassment from school/house

- Harsh weather conditions (intense rain, river, mountain forest, presence of wild animals)

- Regional physical disparities

15

6

3

3

3

(10.00)

4.02

2.01

2.01

2.01

7

1

6

0

0

(5.00)

6.66

4.00

0.00

0.00

22

7

9

3

3

(7.50)

2.34

3.01

1.00

1.00