Herdsmen Activity | Jigawa, Nasarawa, Benue, Ondo, Imo, Ebonyi, Kaduna(southern), Cross River, FCT, Delta, Plateau, Edo and many un-named states | Encroachment into farms, destruction of food crops and cereal fields, trespass on peoples homesteads | 2015 | Food insecurity, killings, threat to life, violence and feuds, kidnapping, violation of rights of indigenous people, blocking of highways by animals, terrorism, raping. | | Farmers, women, youths, community leaders. |
Government neglect Government arbitrariness | Owerri-Portharcourt road. Most states of Nigeria | Cut off of Ohaji, Umuapu food basket areas of Imo State, damage to vehicles Creation of artificial boundaries, violent communal clashes, impositions, assassinations, flight, violent splitting of communities, destruction of collective sentiments | 2013-2015 2005-2015 | Pains and anguish, provocation of the Youths Physical attacks, assassinations and intolerance |
| All citizens |
Communal Violence and Gang activities | Benue State: Mbayangeh and Mbashine communities, Ologba and Egba communities. Nasarawa State Assakio, Agyaragu | Destruction of economic trees and palm produce, destruction of fish ponds. Destruction of lives and property, forfeiture of farmlands. | July 2012 June, November 2012 | Shelter and food threatened. Attacks and counter attacks by rival groups, killings, deadly clashes of rival groups, seizure of farmlands. | | Youths and community leaders. |
| Southern Kaduna | Destruction of lives and property, Farms | Frequent occurrence | Armed invasion, terrorism, killings | | Women, community leaders. |
| Imo State: Mainly Mgbuishi Ohaji community | Abandonment of farms and homes | 2014 | Fear, physical attacks, riots | | Women, Farmers. |
Communal Violence and Gang Activities | Most States in Nigeria | Socio-economic, physical and emotional imbalances among the people. Class struggle of all sorts. | 2012-2015 | Upsurge of killings, clashes, acquisition of arms, rape. | | Youths. |