No distraction group (n = 32)

Comic book group (n = 31)

VR group

(n = 29)

Wald

p

Worry

3.63 (2.12)

3.00 (2.81)

1.45 (0.69)

26.131

<0.001

Tension

3.44 (2.55)

3.16 (2.52)

1.76 (0.91)

16.658

<0.001

Confidence

2.47 (2.19)

2.81 (2.76)

1.90 (1.47)

3.376

0.185