Drug name

Main indication

Mechanism of action

Drug toxicity

Contraindications

Hydroxychloroquine

Malaria prophylaxis, systemic lupus.

Raises lysosomal pH to prevents viral fusion and entry to host cell.

QTc prolongation, hypokalaemia, torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation, sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest.

Hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinolone, pre-existing maculopathy of eye, pregnancy.

Celecoxib

Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis.

Selective COX-2 enzyme inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin, prostaglandin F2, thromboxane, prostaglandin D2, reduces pain and inflammation.

Difficulty breathing, gastrointestinal disorders, high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and cerebral infarction.

Hypersensitivity to sulphonamides, active peptic ulceration, pregnancy and breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment, congestive heart failure, creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min.

Meloxicam

Relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders.

Preferentially blocks COXI-2 which inhibits prostaglandin synthetase decreases prostaglandin, reduces symptoms mediated from inflammation.

Gastrointestinal disorders, shallow breathing, oliguria.

Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, third trimester pregnancy, person under 16 years old, hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, inflammatory disease, severe impaired liver function, severe renal and heart failure.

Etoricoxib

Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic and acute pain, gout, ankylosing spondylitis.

Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, prevents prostaglandin production, reduces inflammation.

Gastrointestinal and cardiorenal events.

Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, pregnancy and lactation, severe hepatic impairment.

Parecoxib

Short-term perioperative pain control.

Inhibits COX-2, reduces prostaglandin-mediators of pain and inflammation.

Gastrointestinal complications, hypertension, hypotension oedema, renal impairment.

Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS and sulphonamide. Third trimester pregnancy and breastfeeding. Severe hepatic impairment. Congestive heart failure.