Drug name | Main indication | Mechanism of action | Drug toxicity | Contraindications |
Hydroxychloroquine | Malaria prophylaxis, systemic lupus. | Raises lysosomal pH to prevents viral fusion and entry to host cell. | QTc prolongation, hypokalaemia, torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia, and fibrillation, sudden cardiac or respiratory arrest. | Hypersensitivity to 4-aminoquinolone, pre-existing maculopathy of eye, pregnancy. |
Celecoxib | Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. | Selective COX-2 enzyme inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin, prostaglandin F2, thromboxane, prostaglandin D2, reduces pain and inflammation. | Difficulty breathing, gastrointestinal disorders, high blood pressure, myocardial infarction, kidney failure, and cerebral infarction. | Hypersensitivity to sulphonamides, active peptic ulceration, pregnancy and breastfeeding, severe hepatic impairment, congestive heart failure, creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min. |
Meloxicam | Relief of pain and inflammation in musculoskeletal disorders. | Preferentially blocks COXI-2 which inhibits prostaglandin synthetase decreases prostaglandin, reduces symptoms mediated from inflammation. | Gastrointestinal disorders, shallow breathing, oliguria. | Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, third trimester pregnancy, person under 16 years old, hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, inflammatory disease, severe impaired liver function, severe renal and heart failure. |
Etoricoxib | Rheumatoid arthritis, chronic and acute pain, gout, ankylosing spondylitis. | Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, prevents prostaglandin production, reduces inflammation. | Gastrointestinal and cardiorenal events. | Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS, ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, pregnancy and lactation, severe hepatic impairment. |
Parecoxib | Short-term perioperative pain control. | Inhibits COX-2, reduces prostaglandin-mediators of pain and inflammation. | Gastrointestinal complications, hypertension, hypotension oedema, renal impairment. | Hypersensitivity to NSAIDS and sulphonamide. Third trimester pregnancy and breastfeeding. Severe hepatic impairment. Congestive heart failure. |