Content

Elemental composition (wt%)

Biomass [5]

Without a catalyst [5]

With catalyst

C (wt%)

35.1 ± 0.06

68.6 ± 0.12

74.4 ± 0.03

H (wt%)

6.10

8.10 ± 0.06

9.80 ± 0.04

N (wt%)

5.40 ± 0.06

2.80 ± 0.03

1.80 ± 0.01

O (wt%)

52.1 ± 0.01

7.40 ± 0.14

2.90 ± 0.21

S (wt%)

0.60 ± 0.01

0.45

0.23 ± 0.01

N/C*

0.11

0.03

0.02

H/C*

2.09

1.42

1.57

O/C*

6.41

0.69

0.03

HHV (MJ/Kg)

11.3 ± 0.2

33.5 ± 0.16

38.6 ± 0.01

ER (%)

0.0

62.6 ± 0.06

81.5 ± 0.07