Property

Percentage (wt%)

ASTM test Standard

Egusi seed shells (Present study)

Sherry stones shells [17]

Fox nuts shells [15]

Coconut shells [21]

Proximate analysis

Moisture

6.32

2.67

4.0

5.62

D 1762-84

Volatiles

69.53

78.5

70.1

71.4

D 5832-98

Ash

4.13

0.17

5

1.11

D 2866-11

Fixed carbon^a

20.02

21.33

20.9

23.3

Elemental analysis

Carbon

47.02

48.72

42.3

48.7

Hydrogen

5.46

6.41

4.3

6.34

Nitrogen

3.16

1.85

0.82

1.52

Sulphur

n.d^b

n.d^a

0.07

0.038

Oxygen^a

44.36

43.02

52.51

43.4