1

2

3

4

VARIABLES

Corruption

IR_gdp

Corruption

IR_gdp

Income support

−0.142***

−0.210***

(0.00728)

(0.0171)

Debt relief

−0.105***

−0.194***

(0.00525)

(0.00935)

Corruption

0.244***

0.237***

(0.0298)

(0.0293)

School closure

−0.169***

−0.168***

(0.0125)

(0.0123)

Closure of workplaces

−0.118***

−0.105***

(0.00961)

(0.00983)

Cancellation of events

−0.338***

−0.345***

(0.0158)

(0.0152)

Quarantine

0.211***

0.234***

(0.0114)

(0.0110)

Containment index

−0.00616***

−0.00754***

(0.000882)

(0.000871)

Hand washing

−0.000694***

−0.000711***

(1.67^e−05)

(1.72^e−05)

Restriction on assembly

0.198***

0.204***

(0.0106)

(0.0102)

Public transport

0.111***

0.145***

(0.0177)

(0.0173)

Traffic restrictions

−0.0642***

−0.0269**

(0.0126)

(0.0123)

Constant

0.121***

0.634***

0.149***

0.683***

(0.00606)

(0.0208)

(0.00726)

(0.0205)

Comments

4,015

4,015

4,015

4,015

Mediation effect through corruption

Coeff.

Std. Error

P-value

Coeff.

Std. Error

P-value

(A) Mediation test

Delta

−0.035

0.005

0.000

−0.025

0.003

0.000

Sobel

−0.035

0.005

0.000

−0.025

0.003

0.000

Monte Carlos

−0.035

0.005

0.000

−0.025

0.003

0.000

(A) Composition of the effect

Indirect effect (Sobel)

0.55

0.45

Direct effect

0.20

0.11

Total effect

0.70

0.56

Of the total mediation effect

14%

11%