1 (1a)

2 (1b)

3 (2a)

4 (2a)

VARIABLES

Corruption

IS_gdp

Corruption

IS_gdp

Income support

−0.104***

0.0392***

(0.00727)

(0.0130)

Debt relief

−0.0416***

0.0893***

(0.00441)

(0.00807)

Corruption

−0.155***

−0.178***

(0.0248)

(0.0262)

School closure

−0.0946***

−0.109***

(0.0100)

(0.0112)

Closure of workplaces

−0.0598***

−0.0535***

(0.0106)

(0.0112)

Cancellation of events

0.0956***

0.107***

(0.0174)

(0.0191)

Quarantine

−0.212***

−0.201***

(0.0108)

(0.0111)

Containment index

0.00703***

0.0107***

(0.00112)

(0.00110)

Hand washing

−0.0117***

−0.0137***

(0.000478)

(0.000431)

Restriction on assembly

0.0789***

0.0645***

(0.00741)

(0.00763)

Public transport

−0.0366**

−0.0279*

(0.0146)

(0.0153)

Traffic restrictions

−0.232***

−0.255***

(0.0127)

(0.0136)

Constant

0.141***

0.336***

0.144***

0.303***

(0.00861)

(0.0246)

(0.00788)

(0.0260)

Comments

2,906

2,906

2,906

2,906

Mediation effect through corruption

Coeff.

Std. Error

P-value

Coeff.

Std. Error

P-value

(A) Mediation test

Delta

−0.018

0.003

0.000

−0.006

0.001

0.000

Sobel

−0.018

0.003

0.000

−0.006

0.001

0.000

Monte Carlos

−0.019

0.003

0.000

−0.007

0.001

0.000

(A) Composition of the effect

Indirect effect (Sobel)

0.4

0.054

Direct effect

0.15

0.02

Total effect

0.55

0.074

Of the total mediation effect

32%

7%