Energy Demand Function

Model (1)

Model (2)

Model (3)

Model (4)

lnP

−0.0102*

0.0743***

0.00780

0.0611***

(0.00612)

(0.0168)

(0.0145)

(0.0190)

lnGDP

0.559***

0.876***

0.721***

0.847***

(0.0403)

(0.00941)

(0.114)

(0.00971)

lnPD

0.966***

−0.612***

−0.446***

−0.667***

(0.103)

(0.0235)

(0.0355)

(0.0236)

Urb

0.00783***

−0.0385***

−0.0201

−0.0409***

(0.00277)

(0.00340)

(0.0203)

(0.00315)

Serv

−0.00879***

−0.0135***

−0.0235***

−0.0158***

(0.00210)

(0.00477)

(0.00813)

(0.00446)

T

−0.0131***

0.0232***

0.0173**

0.0270***

(0.00206)

(0.00224)

(0.00694)

(0.00232)

Inefficiency Function

lnHC

−10.98***

−9.472**

−13.64***

−7.780*

(1.783)

(4.324)

(3.876)

(4.612)

lnPat

−0.864**

−0.908**

(0.375)

(0.442)

lnInsti

−0.979

−3.107

(3.396)

(3.669)

Usigma

2.080**

1.528

4.445

5.442

(0.924)

(1.734)

(4.467)

(5.231)

Vsigma

−5.641***

−4.224***

−4.333***

−4.170***

(0.145)

(0.134)

(0.443)

(0.127)

Observations

241

185

223

183

Number of id

10

9

10

9