Variable

ADF test value

Significance level (critical value)

Stationary

1%

5%

10%

lnRPD

−1.8349

−3.6463

−2.9540

−2.6158

unstable

ΔlnRPD

−4.3202

−3.6463

−2.9540

−2.6158

stable

Δ2lnRPD

−8.8957

−3.6329

−2.9484

−2.6129

stable

lnFER

−1.3488

−3.6210

−2.9434

−2.6103

unstable

ΔlnFER

−1.3611

−3.6999

−2.9762

−2.6274

unstable

Δ2lnFER

−4.3949

−3.6999

−2.9763

−2.6274

stable

lnFIR

−1.6972

−3.6210

−2.9434

−2.6103

unstable

ΔlnFIR

−6.1100

−3.6268

−2.9458

−2.6115

stable

Δ2lnFIR

−12.5455

−3.6329

−2.9484

−2.6129

stable