Authors

Sample size

Cooling method

Cooling duration

Environmental conditions

Exercise protocol

Outcome

p-value for cooling vs. control

Temp (˚C)

RH (%)

Bogerd et al. (2010)

k = 8

males

Ice vest

45 min

29

80

Endurance cycling at 65% VO2max

Cycle time to exhaustion

<0.001

Brade et al. (2013)a

k = 10 males

Slushy & cooling vest

Ingesting 7 g/kg ice every 10 min up to 30 min & 8 min (vest)

27

N/a

Repeated sprint running for 80 min

Sprint time

0.64

Brade et al. (2013)b

k = 10 males

Slushy & cooling vest

Ingesting 7g/kg ice every 10 min up to 30 min & 8 min (vest)

35

58

Repeated cycling sprint for 70 min

PPO

0.60

Brade et al. (2014)

k = 12 males

Ice Vest & Slushy.

+ Ice Vest.

+ Slushy

Vest worn and ingesting 7 g/kg ice for max. 30 min. + vest worn for max. 30 min. + ingesting 7 g/kg ice up to 30 min.

35

60

Repeated cycling sprint for 70 min

PPO

0.22+ 0.28+ 0.28

Byrne et al. (2011)

k = 7

males

Ingesting cold water

Ingesting 900 ml of cold water (2˚C) during 35 min

32

60

30 min self-paced cycling trial

PPO

0.04

Castle et al. (2006)

k = 12 males

Ice packs on upper legs

20 min

34

52

Intermittent cycling sprint for 20 × 5 sec

PPO

0.01

Duffield et al. (2007)

k = 9

males

CWI

15 & 10 min

32

30

Intermittent sprint protocol for 2 × 30 min

Running distance

0.33

Duffield et al. (2009)

k = 7

males

Cooling vest & cold towels to the neck & ice packs on the upper legs

20 min

32

44

Intermittent sprint exercise for 30 min

Running distance

0.001

Duffield et al. (2010)

k = 8

males

CWI

20 min

33

50

Cycle time trial for 40 min

PPO

0.01

Duffield et al. (2011)

k = 6

males and k = 2 females

Ice vest & cold towels to the neck & head

20 min

35

55

On court tennis drills for 5 × 5 min

Running distance

0.13

Faulkner et al. (2015)

k = 10 males

Cooling vest & cooling sleeves

9 min

35

50

Cycling 60 min at 75% Wmax as fast as possible

PPO

0.03

Galoza et al. (2011)

k = 16 males

Ice bags on the upper arm

3 × 1 min

n/a

n/a

4 sets of biceps curls at 70% of 1 RM

Weight lifted

0.05

Gonzales et al. (2014)

k = 10 males

Cooling vest & headband

5 & 15 min

30

79

Cycle time trial for 20 min

PPO

0.01

Hue et al. (2013)

k = 5

males and k = 4 females

Ingesting ice water

Ingesting 190 ml water before exercise

28

73

10 × 100 m swimming

Swimming time

0.66

Ihsan et al. (2010)

k = 7

males

Ingesting crushed ice

Ingesting 6.8 g/kg ice within 30 min

30

75

Cycle time trial for 40 min

PPO

0.12

James et al. (2015)

k = 12 males

Ice slurry + Cold towels to the neck and head & water immersion of hands & cooling vest & ice packs on upper legs

Ingesting 7.5 g/kg of ice within 20 min + 20 min

32

62

Incremental treadmill test

Running speed

0.73 (HI), 0.63 (LI)+ 0.27 (HI), 0.14 (LI)

Lee et al. (2008)

k = 8

males

Ingesting cold drink

3 bottles of 300 ml of old water within 20 min each bottle in 2 min.

35

69

Cycling at 65% VO2max until exhaustion

Cycle time to exhaustion

<0.001

Minett et al. (2011)

k = 10 males

Cold towels to the neck and head & water immersion of hands & cooling vest & ice packs on upper legs

20 min

33

33

Intermittent sprint protocol for 2 × 35 min

Running distance

0.003