Authors | Sample size | Cooling method | Cooling duration | Environmental conditions | Exercise protocol | Outcome | p-value for cooling vs. control | |
Temp (˚C) | RH (%) | |||||||
Bogerd et al. (2010) | k = 8 males | Ice vest | 45 min | 29 | 80 | Endurance cycling at 65% VO2max | Cycle time to exhaustion | <0.001 |
Brade et al. (2013)a | k = 10 males | Slushy & cooling vest | Ingesting 7 g/kg ice every 10 min up to 30 min & 8 min (vest) | 27 | N/a | Repeated sprint running for 80 min | Sprint time | 0.64 |
Brade et al. (2013)b | k = 10 males | Slushy & cooling vest | Ingesting 7g/kg ice every 10 min up to 30 min & 8 min (vest) | 35 | 58 | Repeated cycling sprint for 70 min | PPO | 0.60 |
Brade et al. (2014) | k = 12 males | Ice Vest & Slushy. + Ice Vest. + Slushy | Vest worn and ingesting 7 g/kg ice for max. 30 min. + vest worn for max. 30 min. + ingesting 7 g/kg ice up to 30 min. | 35 | 60 | Repeated cycling sprint for 70 min | PPO | 0.22+ 0.28+ 0.28 |
Byrne et al. (2011) | k = 7 males | Ingesting cold water | Ingesting 900 ml of cold water (2˚C) during 35 min | 32 | 60 | 30 min self-paced cycling trial | PPO | 0.04 |
Castle et al. (2006) | k = 12 males | Ice packs on upper legs | 20 min | 34 | 52 | Intermittent cycling sprint for 20 × 5 sec | PPO | 0.01 |
Duffield et al. (2007) | k = 9 males | CWI | 15 & 10 min | 32 | 30 | Intermittent sprint protocol for 2 × 30 min | Running distance | 0.33 |
Duffield et al. (2009) | k = 7 males | Cooling vest & cold towels to the neck & ice packs on the upper legs | 20 min | 32 | 44 | Intermittent sprint exercise for 30 min | Running distance | 0.001 |
Duffield et al. (2010) | k = 8 males | CWI | 20 min | 33 | 50 | Cycle time trial for 40 min | PPO | 0.01 |
Duffield et al. (2011) | k = 6 males and k = 2 females | Ice vest & cold towels to the neck & head | 20 min | 35 | 55 | On court tennis drills for 5 × 5 min | Running distance | 0.13 |
Faulkner et al. (2015) | k = 10 males | Cooling vest & cooling sleeves | 9 min | 35 | 50 | Cycling 60 min at 75% Wmax as fast as possible | PPO | 0.03 |
Galoza et al. (2011) | k = 16 males | Ice bags on the upper arm | 3 × 1 min | n/a | n/a | 4 sets of biceps curls at 70% of 1 RM | Weight lifted | 0.05 |
Gonzales et al. (2014) | k = 10 males | Cooling vest & headband | 5 & 15 min | 30 | 79 | Cycle time trial for 20 min | PPO | 0.01 |
Hue et al. (2013) | k = 5 males and k = 4 females | Ingesting ice water | Ingesting 190 ml water before exercise | 28 | 73 | 10 × 100 m swimming | Swimming time | 0.66 |
Ihsan et al. (2010) | k = 7 males | Ingesting crushed ice | Ingesting 6.8 g/kg ice within 30 min | 30 | 75 | Cycle time trial for 40 min | PPO | 0.12 |
James et al. (2015) | k = 12 males | Ice slurry + Cold towels to the neck and head & water immersion of hands & cooling vest & ice packs on upper legs | Ingesting 7.5 g/kg of ice within 20 min + 20 min | 32 | 62 | Incremental treadmill test | Running speed | 0.73 (HI), 0.63 (LI)+ 0.27 (HI), 0.14 (LI) |
Lee et al. (2008) | k = 8 males | Ingesting cold drink | 3 bottles of 300 ml of old water within 20 min each bottle in 2 min. | 35 | 69 | Cycling at 65% VO2max until exhaustion | Cycle time to exhaustion | <0.001 |
Minett et al. (2011) | k = 10 males | Cold towels to the neck and head & water immersion of hands & cooling vest & ice packs on upper legs | 20 min | 33 | 33 | Intermittent sprint protocol for 2 × 35 min | Running distance | 0.003 |