Acute cerebral oedema

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (centropontine myelinolysis)

‒ Postoperative menstruation

‒ Female subject

‒ Elderly women taking thiazides

‒ Patients with secondary polydipsia

‒ Hypoxemic patients

‒ Marathon runners

‒ Liver transplant patients

‒ Alcoholic patients

‒ Patients with malnutrition

‒ Hypokalaemic patients

‒ Elderly women taking thiazides

‒ Hypoxemic patients

‒ Severe hyponatremia below 105 mmol/L*.