Variable

Total n = 269 (No., %)

Control group air leak < 5 days n = 238 (No., %)

Air leak ≥ 5 days n = 31 (No., %)

P-value*

Planned incision

VATS

Thoracotomy

Sternotomy

251 (93.31)

16 (5.95)

2 (0.74)

220 (92.44)

16 (6.72)

2 ()

31 (100)

0

0

0.285

Unplanned conversion VATS to thoracotomy

Yes

No

248 (92.19)

21 (7.81)

15 (6.30)

223 (93.70)

6 (19.35)

25 (80.65)

0.011

Lobectomy

Yes

No

134 (49.81)

135 (50.19)

115 (48.32)

123 (51.68)

19 (61.29)

12 (38.71)

0.174

Lobectomy location

RUL

RML

RLL

LUL

LLL

42 (15.61)

10 (3.72)

27 (10.04)

33 (12.27)

21 (7.81)

31 (13.03)

10 (4.20)

23 (9.66)

30 (12.61)

20 (8.40)

11 (35.48)

0

4 (12.90)

3 (9.68)

1 (3.23)

0.001

0.611

0.530

0.778

0.485

Bilobectomy

9 (3.35)

8 (3.36)

1 (3.23)

0.969

Location bilobectomy

RUL/RML

RML/RLL

4 (44.44)

5 (55.56)

3 (37.50)

5 (62.50)

1 (100)

0

0.444

Segmentectomy

17 (6.32)

15 (6.30)

2 (6.45)

0.974

Location segmentectomy

LUL apical trisegment

LUL lingula

LLL sup seg

RLL sup seg

9 (52.94)

2 (11.76)

2 (11.76)

4 (23.53)

7 (46.67)

2 (13.33)

2 (13.33)

4 (26.67)

2 (100)

0

0

0

0.569

Any upper lobectomy

85 (31.60)

69 (28.99)

16 (51.61)

0.014

Any upper lobectomy or bilobectomy

93 (4.57)

76 (31.93)

17 (54.84)

0.012

Wedge resection

115 (42.75)

103 (43.28)

12 (38.71)

0.629

Adhesions > 30% pleural surface

56 (20.97)

40 (16.88)

16 (53.33)

<0.001

Incomplete major fissure

140 (92.72)

119 (91.54)

21 (100)

0.384

Fissure division

Stapler

Cautery

Combination

103 (72.54)

6 (4.23)

33 (23.24)

86 (71.07)

6 (4.96)

29 (23.97)

17 (80.95)

0

4 (10.05)

0.744

Intraoperative transfusion

3 (1.12)

3 (1.26)

0

0.530