Pre-Op

Intra-Op

Sonication

Staphylococcus epidermidis

7 (13%)

12 (23%)

10 (19%)

Propionibacterium acnes

5 (9%)

4 (7%)

9 (17%)

Staphylococcus aureus

2 (4%)

3 (6%)

-

Streptococcus faecalis

2 (4%)

-

1 (2%)

Staphylococcus capitis

1 (2%)

-

1 (2%)

Staphylococcus haemolyticus

-

-

1 (2%)

Streptococcus sanguinis

-

-

1 (2%)

Pseudomona aureginosa

1 (2%)

2 (4%)

-

Streptococcus mitis

1 (2%)

1 (2%)

-

Actiomyces israelii

-

1 (2%)

-

Staphylococcus lugdunensis

-

1 (2%)

1 (2%)

Co-infection

2 (4%)

3 (6%)

7 (14%)