Age (Sex)

Mechanism of injury

Size of bony fragment

Treatment

Outcomes

Rapoff

36 (M)

Caught on the edge of the step

45% of JS

Rigid-soled sandal for 10 weeks to prevent plantarflexion

Returned at 16 weeks and 10% ROM restriction

Hennessy

45 (M)

Fall during descending stairs

Small

Dorsal thermoplastic extension splint for 8 weeks

50% ROM restriction and minor flexion deformity

Nakamura

51 (M)

Stubbed on the threshold of sliding door

Small

IP joint fixation with a K-wire for 5 weeks after failed conservative treatment

Slight limitation in flexion at 1 year

Wada

49 (M)

Caught on a carpet barefoot

More than 50% of JS

Extension block method with two K-wire for 4 weeks

Returned at 8 weeks and no description about ROM

Martin

16 (M)

Kicking a ball barefoot

40% of JS

Open reduction and fixation with two K-wire and temporal IP joint fixation for 5 weeks after failed closed reduction

Full activity except for sports at 3.5 months and symmetric ROM

Hong

1) 39 (F)

2) 46 (M)

1) Fall at the slope

2) Kicking an opponent

1) 40% of JS

2) 30% of JS

One suture anchor fixation with two drill holes into the fragment

Returned at 2 and 3 months and no and slight ROM limitation

Ando

57 (M)

Fall from the bed barefoot

Small

Two suture anchor fixation with suture bridging technique

Returned at 2 months and no ROM limitation