| Age (Sex) | Mechanism of injury | Size of bony fragment | Treatment | Outcomes |
Rapoff | 36 (M) | Caught on the edge of the step | 45% of JS | Rigid-soled sandal for 10 weeks to prevent plantarflexion | Returned at 16 weeks and 10% ROM restriction |
Hennessy | 45 (M) | Fall during descending stairs | Small | Dorsal thermoplastic extension splint for 8 weeks | 50% ROM restriction and minor flexion deformity |
Nakamura | 51 (M) | Stubbed on the threshold of sliding door | Small | IP joint fixation with a K-wire for 5 weeks after failed conservative treatment | Slight limitation in flexion at 1 year |
Wada | 49 (M) | Caught on a carpet barefoot | More than 50% of JS | Extension block method with two K-wire for 4 weeks | Returned at 8 weeks and no description about ROM |
Martin | 16 (M) | Kicking a ball barefoot | 40% of JS | Open reduction and fixation with two K-wire and temporal IP joint fixation for 5 weeks after failed closed reduction | Full activity except for sports at 3.5 months and symmetric ROM |
Hong | 1) 39 (F) 2) 46 (M) | 1) Fall at the slope 2) Kicking an opponent | 1) 40% of JS 2) 30% of JS | One suture anchor fixation with two drill holes into the fragment | Returned at 2 and 3 months and no and slight ROM limitation |
Ando | 57 (M) | Fall from the bed barefoot | Small | Two suture anchor fixation with suture bridging technique | Returned at 2 months and no ROM limitation |