Indicator Group | Examples | Expected Effect on Biofuels Use |
Technical | Higher blending limits with petrofuels | Positive |
Greatly increased “sugar states” ethanol | Positive | |
Increased palm oil for biodiesel | Positive | |
Biotechnological | Advanced biofuels development | Positive |
Bio-commodity products from biofuels | Neutral/negative | |
Novel “energy crops” | Positive | |
Increased use of waste agro-industry streams | Positive | |
Policies | Renewable Fuels Standard (USA) | Positive |
Renewable Energy Directive (EU) | Negative | |
“Food versus fuel”/“food first” (UN agencies) | Negative | |
Higher biofuels imports (EU, Japan) | Positive | |
Economic | Sustained high oil price | Positive |
Sustained low oil price | Negative |