Fixed effect model | First Difference model | |||
Independent variables | Statistical significance | economic significance | Statistical significance | economic significance |
Proximate factors | ||||
Fuel Wood supply in the prefecture | not significant | 0.0004 | not significant | −0.0009 |
Quantity of cotton produced in the prefecture | not significant | −0.08 | not significant | 0.05 |
Volume of wood allowed to cut | not significant | −1.76 | not significant | −4.57 |
Quantity of maize produced in the prefecture | not significant | 5.82 | Increase | 0.075 |
Quantity of sorghum produced in the prefecture | not significant | 2.82 | not significant | −0.025 |
Quantity of rice produced in the prefecture | not significant | 3.81 | not significant | 0.0009 |
Quantity of beans produced in the prefecture | not significant | 0.06 | not significant | 0.18 |
Quantity of peanut produced in the prefecture | not significant | 0.61 | not significant | 0.06 |
Quantity of yam produced in the prefecture | Increase | 0.03 | Increase | 0.023 |
Quantity of cassava produced in the prefecture | not significant | 0.22 | not significant | 0.01 |
Underlying factors | ||||
Minimum wage | not significant | 0.069 | not significant | 0.046 |
The price of cotton in Togo | not significant | −1.05 | not significant | −5.33 |
Regional fertilizer supply in cotton production | Decrease | −1.98 | Decrease | −0.25 |
National fertilizer cost | Increase | 8.56 | Increase | 12.37 |
Regional pesticide supply in cotton production n | Increase | 1.22 | Increase | 0.01 |
National pesticide cost | Increase | 3.18 | Increase | 4.73 |
Fertilizer used in food production in Togo | not significant | −6.96 | Significant | −0.96 |
Fines from illegal wood cutting | not significant | −2.72 | not significant | −1.96 |
Socio economic factors | ||||
Regional number of cotton producers | Increase | 0.08 | Increase | 0.05 |
Regional number of cotton producer associations | not significant | 3.1 | not significant | 0.63 |