| Analysis | Participants | Outcomes | |||||||||
| Type | Number | Characteristics | |||||||||
| Order No. | 1 | Not specified | all women | 50 years and above | 53.2% were between 50 and 59 years; Most of the women (42.8%) had no educational qualification; 35.1% of the women were unemployed; Most of the women (32.9%) were married | The traditional methods are mainly used Facilitators: Knowledge, availability, and accessibility. The results show that abstinence (55%), condom (41%) and breastfeeding (10%) are currently being used. Thus they are seen to be consistently using natural or traditional methods more than modern methods | |||||
| 1er author | Njoku Ola Ama | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Country | Botswana | ||||||||||
| Setting | Gaborone, Selibe Phikwe (Urban) and Barolong and Kweneng East (rural) | ||||||||||
| Study design | Cross-sectional | ||||||||||
| Study duration | Not specified | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Questionnaire | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 2 | Statistical analysis by EPIINFO | women who have just delivered | 572 | (64%) were from urban areas of the city. Their mean age was 26.7 (range: 14 - 48). Most of the women were married (62%) and had some degree of education (83%). Only 18% were illiterate. About two-thirds (60%) were Catholic and the rest Protestant | Traditional methods were more often used than modern methods (in 64% of cases in the past and 65% before the last pregnancy) Facilitators for using traditional methods: lack of knowledge, fear of side effects, religious considerations and husband opposition to using modern family planning Majority used traditional methods (65%), mostly Calendar method (72%) | |||||
| 1er author | Jeff K Mathe | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2011 | ||||||||||
| Country | Congo | ||||||||||
| Setting | Butembo | ||||||||||
| Study design | cross-sectional | ||||||||||
| Study duration | 2 weeks | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 3 | Data obtained analyzed using the SPSS 17 statistical package for Windows | women attending antenatal care | 550 | (90.8%) were between the ages of 20 - 34 years with a mean age of 27.75 years. Also, the majority of respondents (67.7%) were of the predominant Ibibio tribe, while the Anang and Igbo tribes constituted 11.4% and 10.3%, respectively. The married respondents were in the majority (93.7%) | The withdrawal method (14.1%), pills (13.2%), periodic abstinence (9.5%), injections (7.9%) and IUCD (6.6%; Table 1) Facilitators for using traditional planning method: the level of education, side effects, age, husband opposition The condom (46.7%), withdrawal method (14.1%) and the pills (13.3%) were the most commonly used forms of contraception. periodic abstinence (9.5%) | |||||
| 1er author | Augustine Vincent Umoh | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2011 | ||||||||||
| Country | Nigeria | ||||||||||
| Setting | Uyo | ||||||||||
| Study design | cross-sectional study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 4 | Logistic regression | Benin (analytic sample size 6214), Burkina/ Faso | Results indicate that both traditional and modern methods are associated with greater discussion of family planning Facilitators for using traditional family planning: spousal communication about family planning | |||||||
| 1er author | Mark Amos | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Country | |||||||||||
| Setting | 7 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||||||||
| Study design | cross-sectional study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 5 | Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses | females aged 15 - 24 years | 1532 | Abstinence was higher among single young women while unmet and met need were higher among the married. At least senior high school education was significantly associated with the likelihood of current abstinence (especially among single women) and unmet needs. Being in the middle and rich categories, on the other hand, was associated with lower likelihood of current abstinence and a met need | ||||||
| 1er author | D. Yaw Atiglo | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2018 | ||||||||||
| Country | Ghana | ||||||||||
| Setting | |||||||||||
| Study design | Quantitative study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 6 | He chi-squared (χ2) test, Poisson regression | Women | 590 | The majority (94.2%) of the clients had attained some level of formal education. Most (90.7%) of the respondents were either married or cohabiting with their partners. Of the remaining 9% who were single, 6.6% had never been married, while under 3% were separated, divorced or widowed. More than half (58.6%) were employed in the informal sector (farming, trading, sewing), and about a fifth were either unemployed/students, or employed in the formal sector (teaching, nursing, civil service). | Overall, 50.2% of the women were using contraception, 30.7% modern and 19.5% traditional methods. Significant factors associated with current contraceptive use were, level of education , discussing family planning during antenatal care. Family planning discussions during child welfare clinic or with one’s spouse, desire to space children were predictive of clients’ intention to adopt family planning in the future the rhythm method was the most patronised | |||||
| 1er author | Caroline Wuni | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2018 | ||||||||||
| Country | Ghana | ||||||||||
| Setting | Sunyani Municipality | ||||||||||
| Study design | analytical cross-sectional study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 7 | Descriptive analysis | Women in union | 518 | 32.0 percent of women in union aged 15 - 49 35.5 percent of women in union are using any method of contraception | Natural methods are perceived as free, discrete, always available, and typically not requiring a visit to a health center. LAM, and women practicing periodic abstinence are more likely than others to be born in Ouagadougou | |||||
| 1er author | Clémentine Rossier | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2014 | ||||||||||
| Country | Burkina Faso | ||||||||||
| Setting | Ouagadougou | ||||||||||
| Study Design | Quantitative study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 8 | Qualitative analysis software. Analysis using Stata | Women | 96 | Respondents to the follow-up study were more concentrated in their 30s than their respective regional counterparts. Fewer follow-up respondents were age 15 - 19. Follow-up respondents were more predominantly rural than both family planning users and women with unmet need in the country as a whole | Bad experience with modern methods: Women who preferred traditional methods were often urban and educated. Opposition from husbands or partners and religious opposition also appeared to have been underreported in the GDHS. Meanwhile, despite additional prompting on cost and access, no additional cost or access cases posed a barrier were found. | |||||
| 1er author | Sarah Staveteig | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2017 | ||||||||||
| Country | Ghana | ||||||||||
| Setting | Accra | ||||||||||
| Study design | mixed methods | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey and interview | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 9 | Analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Electronic Software (IBM SPSS Statistics 19, Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). | Women aged 15 to 49 | 400 | The mean age ± standard deviation (SD) was 29.1 ± 6.22 years. The median age was 28 years. A large proportion (133, 33.3%) of the respondents were within the age group of 25 - 29 years, while the least number of the respondents 4 (1.0%) were of the age group of 45 - 49 years | Up to 121 (82.3%) thought the traditional method of contraceptives was effective for them while 134 (91.2%) believed there were advantages with the use of TCMs 147 (36.8%) used them. Out of these 147, 47 (32.0%) used withdrawal method, 24 (16.3%) used abstinence, and 67 (45.6%) used herbal medicines | |||||
| 1er author | Ayyuba Rabiu | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2018 | ||||||||||
| Country | Nigeria | ||||||||||
| Setting | Kano | ||||||||||
| Study Design | Cross-sectional study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | March 1 to July 31, 2017 | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 10 | Data entry and analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13.0 for Windows (IBM, New York, NY, USA). The qualitative data were categorized using key thematic areas and the data were interpreted and presented as verbatim notes. | women aged 15 - 49 years who chose to use the SDM for family planning. | A total of 184 SDM users were interviewed | The mean and median ages were 29.47 (SD ± 6.05 years) and 30 years, respectively. The majority of the study subjects were Orthodox Christians (76.6%), married (93.5%), attended primary school (52.2%), housewife by occupation (40.8%), and had children (96.2%), with a mean of 3.2 children per woman. On average the study subjects had used the SDM for 13.8 months. Seventy-seven women (42%) had practised the SDM for more than 1 year, while 64 (35%) had used the method for between 6 months and 1 year. | The most common reasons for choosing the SDM were the absence of health effects/side effects, in 129 (70.1%) cases, followed by fear of side effects, particularly of hormonal contraceptives (n = 99, 53.8%), and ease of use (n = 9, 4.9%). Additional reasons were that it is available without cost to the individual (n = 5, 2.7%) and because it is a natural method (n = 5, 2.7%). Barriers: Ten had to stop using the method because they had two menstrual cycles that fell outside the 26 - 32-day range within a year. Seven women lactational amenorrhea method (n = 5, 2.7%), rhythm method (n = 5, 2.7%), and withdrawal method | |||||
| 1er author | Biruhtesfa Bekele | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2011 | ||||||||||
| Country | Ethiopia | ||||||||||
| Setting | Dilla town (Medan Act project area), Dendi Woreda (Abebech Gobena project area), Wolaita zone (African Humanitarian Aid project area) and Adigrat town (Relief and Rehabilitation Society of Tigray project area) | ||||||||||
| Study Design | Cross-sectional study | ||||||||||
| Study duration | December 2007 to June 2008 | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Interviews and Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 11 | The recorded qualitative interviews were translated and transcribed, and the resulting data were cleaned and entered into Atlas.ti, a qualitative software package (Scientific Software Development, Berlin, Germany) | youth aged 15 - 24 year | quantitative (n = 6722) and qualitative (N = 60) | Not described | Withdrawal as a Back-Up Method of Pregnancy Prevention Withdrawal as an HIV Risk Reduction Strategy Withdrawal Alternated with Condoms 48% of qualitative interview respondents reported current or lifetime use of Withdrawal | |||||
| 1er author | Jenny A. Higgins | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2013 | ||||||||||
| Country | Uganda | ||||||||||
| Setting | Rakai | ||||||||||
| Study Design | mixed methods | ||||||||||
| Study duration | June 2010 and June 2011 for the Qualitative Interview Procedures and Measures | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Interviews and Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 12 | Bivariate analysis, a binary logistic model, a multinomial logistic model | married women aged 15 - 49 years | 800 women | Not described | off-farm wage employed women were more likely to use traditional contraception, employment was significantly associated with the use of traditional methods for women who were older than 30 years, who had more than three children, who were wealthier, and who lived less than 30 km from a major town, more frequent among older women and women with more children. | |||||
| 1er author | Goedele Van den Broeck | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2019 | ||||||||||
| Country | Uganda | ||||||||||
| Setting | rural Uganda | ||||||||||
| Study Design | Quantitative | ||||||||||
| Study duration | data from the 2010 and 2012 rounds of the Uganda National Panel Survey | ||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||
| Order No. | 13 | Descriptive and regression analyses account for the DHS’s stratified, clustered sample design by using the svy commands in stata. | 409,399 women of reproductive age (15 to 49) | 409,399 women | Use of traditional methods is higher among women who wish to limit/end childbearing and among better-educated, urban, and wealthier women, but only slightly higher for ever-married women compared to never-married ones. A higher proportion of older women now use traditional methods, as do never-married women compared to ever-married women. The proportion of traditional method users among those with a demand for contraception is six times greater among women with a secondary education compared to those with no education 4 percent of women in sub-Saharan Africa use either periodic abstinence or Withdrawal | ||||||
| 1er author | Clémentine Rossier | ||||||||||
| Year of publication | 2017 | ||||||||||
| Country | Sub-Saharan Africa | ||||||||||
| Setting | countries in West, East, and Central Africa | ||||||||||
| Study Design | Quantitative | ||||||||||
| Study duration | |||||||||||
| Data collection | Methods | Survey | |||||||||
| Tools | Questionnaire | ||||||||||