Number

Spring

Summer

Fall

Winter

p

5106

5961

5535

5113

Age (year)

31.29 ± 5.59

31.00 ± 5.62

31.31 ± 5.52

31.16 ± 5.57

0.010

Semen volume (ml)

3.56 ± 1.65

3.56 ± 1.59

3.54 ± 1.58*

3.63 ± 1.61**

0.008

Sperm concentration (10⁶ per ml)

43.98 ± 30.03**

41.63 ± 29.10

40.58 ± 27.13

43.43 ± 27.54

<0.01

Total sperm number (10⁶ per ejaculate)

151.70 ± 125.07

143.19 ± 118.70

139.11 ± 111.94*

153.87 ± 122.93**

<0.01

Progressive motility (PR)

0.32 ± 0.19

0.31 ± 0.19*

0.32 ± 0.19

0.32 ± 0.19

<0.01

Total PR number (10⁶ per ejaculate)

57.29 ± 66.12**

51.96 ± 61.63*

52.08 ± 58.58

55.96 ± 62.61

<0.01

Total motility (PR + NP)

0.52 ± 0.22

0.50 ± 0.22*

0.52 ± 0.21

0.52 ± 0.21

<0.01

PH

7.40 ± 0.16

7.39 ± 0.16

7.40 ± 0.17

7.38 ± 0.16

<0.01