| Study | Year | Study types | Cases/controls | Age, (years) | Gender (male, %) | Follow-up period (years) | Study | Year |
| Arnold [12] | 2009 | Retrospective | 23/107 | 53.7 ± 14.6* 56.2 ± 14^ | 69.6%* 57%^ | 6.8 ± 4.2 | NFPA | 6 |
| Buchfelder [14] | 2007 | Retrospective | 55/55 | 50.6 ± 9.7 | NA | 5 | NFPA | 7 |
| Brignardello [13] | 2015 | Retrospective | 26/23 | NA | 61.2% | 11 | Second neoplasms | 6 |
| Child [20] | 2015 | Prospective | 8418/1268 | 45.5* 53.8^ | 52%* 59%^ | 4.8 3.5 | Primary malignancies | 7 |
| Hartman [15] | 2013 | Prospective | 1988/442 | 46 ± 15* | 56%* | 2.3 | Intracranial tumor Second neoplasms | 7 |
| Hatrick [16] | 2002 | Prospective | 47/28 | 49* 52^ | 46.8%* 64.3% | 3.6 | Pituitary tumor | 7 |
| Mackenzie [17] | 2011 | Retrospective | 69/68 | 33* 29^ | 54.5%* 48.2%^ | 14.5* 15^ | Tumor recurrence Second tumor | 8 |
| Olsson [18] | 2009 | Prospective | 121/114 | 66.7 ± 11.2* 66.7 ± 11.0^ | 66% | 13.6 ± 5.0* 13.4 ± 7.8^ | Craniopharyngioma | 8 |
| Olsson [19] | 2012 | Prospective | 56/70 | 46.6 ± 16.1* 45.7 ± 16.2^ | 57%* 49%^ | 14.5* 15^ | Tumor recurrence Second tumor | 8 |
| Olsson [21] | 2017 | Prospective | 207/219 | 56.3* 65.2^ | 70%* 59%^ | 12.2* 8.2^ | Malignant tumors | 8 |